9、 Li Tsung-jen claimed that he had originated the policy of "Scorched Earth" resistance to Japan. This term later became one of the most prominent slogans of Chinese resistance. Li's strategy (developed, he claimed, in 1933) was to avoid a toe-to-toe struggle with the superior Japanese forces, but to lure the enemy into the interior, stripping the
countryside of anything useful, and then turning on the invader with mobile and guerrilla tactics. Li's plan would have employed China's superior numbers in a war of attrition both before and behind the Japanese lines. One writer close to Li Tsung-jen claimed that action by the Kwangsi leaders was decisive in convincing Chiang Kai-shek to order full-scale resistance to Japan. While the account is uncorroborated and, if true, may be interpreted in several ways, it is worth relating. On July 27, 1937 (about two weeks before the Marco Polo Bridge incident), T. V. Sung (Sung Tzu-well) wired Pai Ch'ung-hsi, stating that the situation in North China was critical, and that war could not be
avoided. He relayed a request from Chiang Kai-shek asking Pai to come north to discuss the situation. Pai, skeptical of Chiang's resolve to fight, did not go. Also on July 27, Chiang sent someone named Liu Wei-chang, probably a Kwangsi native, to encourage Li Tsung-jen and Pai Ch'ung-hsi to travel to Nanking. Liu, traveling by boat down the
Chiu-chiang, stopped at Lu-shall, where Huang Hsü-ch'u and Hsia Wei, a senior Kwangsi general, were attending an advanced summer training course for high officers. Liu advised these two that the central government had still not decided to begin full-scale hostilities against Japan. On Liu's appeal, they signed their names to a letter suggesting
to Li and Pai that their presence in Nanking could be critical in strengthening the resolve of the Nanking government to resist Japanese aggression. Liu delivered the letter in Kwangsi. In response, Pai Ch'ung-hsi flew to Nanking ( August 7, 1937) and, according to this account, succeeded in convincing Chiang Kai-shek to fight. Pai Ch'ung-hsi was named deputy chief of staff (fu ts'an mou tsung chang) of the Chinese army. Although Ch'eng Ch'ien was the titular chief of staff, he was then commanding troops in Honan, so Pai Ch'ung-hsi, in fact, filled the position. Carlson wrote: "The Deputy Chief of Staff, General Pai Ch'ung-hsi, is conceded to be the brains of the General Staff."