网上广为流传的说法是,1940年6月8日,刚瑟·吕特晏斯指挥沙恩霍斯特号和格奈森瑙号,在“朱诺行动”中击沉了英国皇家海军的光荣号航空母舰以及两艘驱逐舰阿卡斯塔号和热心号。经过本人查证,该说法并不正确。
首先,我们来看看吕特晏斯的个人资料的部分原文内容以及译文(出自维基百科网页链接):
At the outbreak ofWorld War II, Lütjens was Commander of Scouting Forces.[lbk]Tr 9[rbk]In April 1940, during the invasion of Denmark and Norway (Operation Weserübung), he served asVice Admiral, commanding the distant cover forces in the North Sea — which consisted ofScharnhorstandGneisenau— and fightingan inconclusive battlewith thebattlecruiserHMSRenown. In June 1940, he becameCommander of Battleshipsand the thirdFlottenchef(Fleet Commander) of theKriegsmarinein World War II, a position comparable to the BritishCommander-in-Chief of theHome Fleet.
His predecessor —VizeadmiralWilhelm Marschall— had repeated differences with the German High Command over the extent theFlottenchefshould be bound to orders while operating at sea. Operating fromScharnhorstandGneisenau, Marschall had realized the Allies were retreating from Norway and ignored his original orders by attacking the retreating British forces, sinkingGloriousand her escortingdestroyersAcastaandArdent, but also receiving atorpedohit onScharnhorst. This failure to follow orders resulted in Marschall being replaced by Lütjens. Since the firstFlottenchefhad been removed for similar reasons, Lütjens was determined to follow his orders to the letter to avoid suffering the same fate.
第二次世界大战爆发时,吕特晏斯担任侦察部队指挥官。1940年4月,在入侵丹麦和挪威的行动(“威瑟演习”行动)中,他以海军中将的身份,指挥北海的远程掩护部队(该部队由沙恩霍斯特号和格奈森瑙号组成),并与声望号战列巡洋舰进行了一场未分胜负的战斗。1940年6月,他成为战列舰部队指挥官,同时也是二战期间德国海军的第三任舰队司令,这一职位相当于英国本土舰队司令。
他的前任——威廉·马沙尔海军中将,多次与德国最高统帅部就“舰队司令在海上行动时应在多大程度上服从命令”的问题产生分歧。马沙尔以沙恩霍斯特号和格奈森瑙号为作战单位,察觉到盟军正从挪威撤退,于是不顾最初的命令,对撤退中的英国部队发起攻击,击沉了光荣号以及为其护航的驱逐舰热心号和阿卡斯塔号,但沙恩霍斯特号也被鱼雷击中。由于未服从命令,马沙尔被吕特晏斯取代。鉴于第一任舰队司令也因类似原因被撤职,吕特晏斯决心严格执行命令,以免重蹈覆辙。
以上佐证材料能够解释吕特晏斯在丹麦海峡海战中试图避免与英国战舰交战的原因。你可能会问,有没有一种可能是,马沙尔接到了总部关于执行“朱诺行动”的命令,然后制定了一套自己的计划再交给吕特晏斯去执行呢?当然不是。我们再看看更多佐证材料
(字数限制,请于楼中查看)


首先,我们来看看吕特晏斯的个人资料的部分原文内容以及译文(出自维基百科网页链接):
At the outbreak ofWorld War II, Lütjens was Commander of Scouting Forces.[lbk]Tr 9[rbk]In April 1940, during the invasion of Denmark and Norway (Operation Weserübung), he served asVice Admiral, commanding the distant cover forces in the North Sea — which consisted ofScharnhorstandGneisenau— and fightingan inconclusive battlewith thebattlecruiserHMSRenown. In June 1940, he becameCommander of Battleshipsand the thirdFlottenchef(Fleet Commander) of theKriegsmarinein World War II, a position comparable to the BritishCommander-in-Chief of theHome Fleet.
His predecessor —VizeadmiralWilhelm Marschall— had repeated differences with the German High Command over the extent theFlottenchefshould be bound to orders while operating at sea. Operating fromScharnhorstandGneisenau, Marschall had realized the Allies were retreating from Norway and ignored his original orders by attacking the retreating British forces, sinkingGloriousand her escortingdestroyersAcastaandArdent, but also receiving atorpedohit onScharnhorst. This failure to follow orders resulted in Marschall being replaced by Lütjens. Since the firstFlottenchefhad been removed for similar reasons, Lütjens was determined to follow his orders to the letter to avoid suffering the same fate.
第二次世界大战爆发时,吕特晏斯担任侦察部队指挥官。1940年4月,在入侵丹麦和挪威的行动(“威瑟演习”行动)中,他以海军中将的身份,指挥北海的远程掩护部队(该部队由沙恩霍斯特号和格奈森瑙号组成),并与声望号战列巡洋舰进行了一场未分胜负的战斗。1940年6月,他成为战列舰部队指挥官,同时也是二战期间德国海军的第三任舰队司令,这一职位相当于英国本土舰队司令。
他的前任——威廉·马沙尔海军中将,多次与德国最高统帅部就“舰队司令在海上行动时应在多大程度上服从命令”的问题产生分歧。马沙尔以沙恩霍斯特号和格奈森瑙号为作战单位,察觉到盟军正从挪威撤退,于是不顾最初的命令,对撤退中的英国部队发起攻击,击沉了光荣号以及为其护航的驱逐舰热心号和阿卡斯塔号,但沙恩霍斯特号也被鱼雷击中。由于未服从命令,马沙尔被吕特晏斯取代。鉴于第一任舰队司令也因类似原因被撤职,吕特晏斯决心严格执行命令,以免重蹈覆辙。
以上佐证材料能够解释吕特晏斯在丹麦海峡海战中试图避免与英国战舰交战的原因。你可能会问,有没有一种可能是,马沙尔接到了总部关于执行“朱诺行动”的命令,然后制定了一套自己的计划再交给吕特晏斯去执行呢?当然不是。我们再看看更多佐证材料
(字数限制,请于楼中查看)













