【图片】复旦大学乾隆皇帝dna检测论文【五代十国吧】

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复旦大学乾隆皇帝dna检测论文

YChromosomeofAisinGioro,theImperialHouseof
QingDynasty
YANShi1*,TACHIBANAHarumasa2,WEILan‐Hai1,YUGe1,WENShao‐Qing1,WANGChuan‐Chao1
1MinistryofEducationKeyLaboratoryofContemporaryAnthropologyandStateKeyLaboratoryof
GeneticEngineering,CollaborativeInnovationCenterforGeneticsandDevelopment,SchoolofLife
Sciences,FudanUniversity,Shanghai200438,China
2Penname
*Pleasecontactyanshi@fudan.edu.cn
Abstract
HouseofAisinGioroistheimperialfamilyofthelastdynastyinChinesehistory–QingDynasty(1644
–1911).AisinGiorofamilyoriginatedfromJurchentribesanddevelopedtheManchupeoplebefore
theyconqueredChina.ByinvestigatingtheYchromosomalshorttandemrepeats(STRs)of7modern
maleindividualswhoclaimbelongingtoAisinGiorofamily(inwhich3havefullrecordsofpedigree),
wefoundthat3ofthem(inwhich2keepfullpedigree,whosemostrecentcommonancestoris
Nurgaci)showsverycloserelationship(1–2stepsofdifferencein17STR)andthehaplotypeisrare.
WethereforeconcludethatthishaplotypeistheYchromosomeoftheHouseofAisinGioro.Further
testsofsinglenucleotidepolymorphisms(SNPs)indicatesthattheybelongtoHaplogroup
C3b2b1*‐M401(xF5483),althoughtheirY‐STRresultsaredistanttothe“starcluster”,whichalso
belongstothesamehaplogroup.Thisstudyformsthebaseforthepedigreeresearchoftheimperial
familyofQingDynastybymeansofgenetics.
Keywords:Ychromosome,paternallineage,pedigree,familyhistory,haplogroup,QingDynasty
ThisresearchwassupportedbythegrantsfromtheNationalScienceFoundationofChina(31271338),
andfromMinistryofEducation(311016).

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来自Android客户端1楼2017-05-29 14:04回复

新觉罗皇族的Y染色体
严实¹*橘玄雅²韦兰海¹余歌¹文少卿¹王传超¹
¹复旦大学生命科学院，现代人类学教育部重点实验室、遗传工程国家重点实验室、遗传与发育
协同创新中心，中国，上海200438
²笔名
*请联系yanshi@fudan.edu.cn
摘要
爱新觉罗氏为中国最后一个朝代——清朝（1644‐1911）的皇族。本研究通过对7个自称属
于爱新觉罗的现代家族（其中3家保留有完整家谱）男性的Y染色体短串联重复片段（STR）分
析，发现其中3家（其中2家有完整家谱，其最近共祖为清太祖努尔哈赤）的Y染色体17STR
相互间只相差1–2步突变，且极为罕见，因此确定为爱新觉罗家族的类型。对此3个样本的单
核苷酸多态位点（SNP）的测试结果表明此类型属于C3b2b1*‐M401(xF5483)单倍群，尽管此3个
样本的STR组合与同属该单倍群的“星簇”相距很远。本研究为今后的女真、满族源流及清朝皇
族家族史的研究提供了重要参照。
关键词：Y染色体，父系，族谱，家族史，单倍群，清朝
本研究获得国家自然科学基金“中国人群支系扩张和群体扩张研究”（31271338）及教育部科学
技术研究重大项目“中华民族姓氏的Y染色体遗传结构”（311016）的资助。

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来自Android客户端2楼2017-05-29 14:05

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Thenon‐recombiningregionofmale‐specificYchromosomeisstrictlypassedonfromfatherto
son.Randommutationsmayhappenduringtheinheritance,thereforewecanreconstructthe
paternalphylogenybycomparingthesequenceofmales’Ychromosomes.Themalessharingnearer
commonancestorhavemoresimilarsequences,andviceversa.CommonlyusedmarkersfortracingY
chromosomephylogenyincludesinglenucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)andshorttandemrepeat(STR).
TheSNPsthathaveahigherfrequencyinapopulationusuallycanbeusedfortracingrelativelyold
(usuallymorethanthousandsofyears)clades.Ontheotherhand,usinghigh‐throughputsequencing
oflongregionsofYchromosome,wecandiscoverrareandrecentmutations,andcalculatethe
divergencetimesbycountingthenumberofSNPs,withatheoreticalhighestprecisionof~100years,
i.e.3–4generations[1].ThemutationrateofSTRsishigher,andSTRrecurrentmutationsoccur
frequently,thereforerelativelylaterelationshipscanbetracedbycomparingSTRs[2].
SincethesurnameinheritanceaswellasgenealogicalrecordsinmostEastAsianpopulations
followthepaternallineage,justliketheYchromosome,wecanverifytheprecisionofgenealogy
recordsusingtheYchromosome.Inthefollowingcases,differenttypesofYchromosomesoccurin
onepaternalfamily:illegitimateson,adoptionfromanotherfamily,andwhenasoninheritedhis
mother’ssurname.AdoptionfrominsideapaternalfamilyusuallycannotberecognizedthroughY
chromosome.Also,itcommonlyhappensthatafamilytracestheirgenealogytoanirrelativefamily
withthesamesurname,inordertoenhancetheirownprestige.
Duetotheuncertaintyoffather‐sonrelationship,technically,theYchromosomalresultofaman
showsonlythehaplotypeofhimselfratherthanthatofhiswholepaternalfamily.However,
correspondingresultsoftwomodernindividualsthatweresupposedtobeakinwouldverify

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来自Android客户端3楼2017-05-29 14:05