藏南印占区的炎帝子孙——景颇族人和傈僳族人

印度文献显示，截止1991年，在藏南印占区的Sinpho景颇族人为2978人；Tangsa景颇族人为26016人；傈僳族（印度称其为Yobin）为1530人：

美国基督教网站的数据，藏南印占区的Sinpho景颇族人目前有5700人，，名目繁多的Tansa景颇族各部落加起来的人口是15860人；傈僳族人是2400人：

（数据2000年至2010年不等，有些滞后。比如该网站统计伪阿鲁纳恰尔邦人口为110多万，而根据印度官方2010年最新统计的人口已经有130多万。）
图表的第一栏是部落名称，第二栏是该部落所讲的母语，第三栏讲的是这个部落在印度的总人口，第4 栏是这个部落在伪阿鲁纳恰尔邦的人口数目。








中华人民共和国]]藏南地区的景颇族人，亦作藏南景颇族，即现时被印度管治的阿鲁纳恰尔邦，阿鲁纳恰尔景颇族（Singpho）[[现时在阿鲁纳恰尔邦的劳哈特与昌朗地区，以及缅甸的克钦邦生活。在印度阿萨姆邦的丁苏吉亚地区（Tinsukia）亦有发现阿鲁纳恰尔景颇族人。这些在印度景颇族人合共7200人，散居于12条村庄里[1][2]，语言属于景颇语的阿鲁纳恰尔方言。

景颇族（Singpho）散居在伪阿邦劳哈特县与昌朗县的14个村庄为：
Bordumsa, Miao, Innao, Ketetong, Pangna, Phup, N-htem, Mungbhon, Pangsun, Hasak, Katha, Bisa, Namo and Namsai.

景颇族（Singpho）人的宗教信仰：
传统上，当地景颇族人与缅甸的同族一样，都信奉上座部佛教（南传佛教、小乘佛教），并于每年庆祝佛诞，以纪念佛陀释迦牟尼的诞生。
但近100年在由于西方传教士的推动，当地有不少族民已改信基督教。当中的一个原因，是因为缅甸政府实施严格的宗教管制，以防止教会人士透过传教活动来干涉当地内政。为此，教会人士转移以他们在印度生活的同族人作传教对象。
传统的佛教徒虽然同时亦信奉地方巫术，但都严守素食信条；但改信基督教后，开始食用各种肉类。

藏南印占区的唐萨景颇族人英文介绍：
The Tangsa, termed Tangshang , is a community of several tens of thousands living in Changlang Districts of Arunachal Pradesh,and parts of Tinsukia District of Assam, in north-eastern India, and across the border in Sagaing Region, Myanmar (Burma).
The Tangshang in Myanmar were formerly known as Rangpang, Pangmi, and Heimi/
Haimi. Their language is called Naga-Tase in The Ethnologue and the ISO code
is ISO639-3:nst. They are a scheduled tribe under the Indian Constitution (where they are listed under ‘other Naga tribes’) and there are many sub-tribes within Tangsa on both sides of the border. The Tangshang in Myanmar as well as the Tangsa in India regard themselves as a Naga tribe. They are well-built and of medium-
stature.
Today Tangsa people live in the Patkai mountains, on the border of India and Burma, and some live in the plains areas on the Indian side of the border. Many Tangsa tell of migrations from what is now Mongolia, through the South-West China Province of Yunan into Burma. Tangsa traditions suggest that they settled in the existing region from the beginning of 13th century. It is believed that in their native place in China and Burma they were known as ‘Muwa’ and ‘Hawa’ respectively.
The term ‘Hawa’ (also pronounced ‘Hewe’ or ‘Hiwi’) is used by many Tangsa
to refer to the whole group of Tangsa. The term Tangsa is derived from
‘Tang’ (high land) and ‘Sa’ (son) and means 'people of the high land'（高原的子孙，吧主翻译为——唐人的子孙）.

唐萨人（Thongsa people）
唐萨人主要分布在伪阿邦的提拉普（Tirap）区和昌朗（Changlang）区。这两个县基本上不在我藏南地区声索范围内。人口约3 万。还分布在印度的拉贾兰邦及其他东北部省份，缅甸也有分布。该民族自认为的起源于中国的高原，属于我国古代的氐羌人（炎帝的后人），此后逐渐迁徙到云南省的西南部。在13世纪的时候开始迁徙到缅甸和印度东北部。他们是典型的蒙古人种。他们的民族分为“木瓦”（Muwa）和“哈瓦（Hawa）”两个支系。“唐”是高地的意思，“萨”是儿子的意思，那么“唐萨”的意思是生活在高地上的人民。由此，我个人猜测，这个民族应该和云南西蒙地区的佤族是同源，佤族也有哈瓦的称呼，而且佤族族名的意思也是“住在山地上的人”。

唐萨人有大约70个亚部落，其中分布在伪阿邦共有13个亚部落：隆昌Longchang 、具格里Jugli 、莫斯桑Mossang 、荣让Ronrang 、坑森Kimsing 、木克隆Muklom 、提可哈克Tikhak 、旁赛Ponthai 、龙飞Longphi 、斯纳可Sna-ke 、龙瑞Longri 、台皮斯Taipis，哈吴Ha-ve。
There are many sub-tribes or sub-groups of Tangsa, all of which speak distinctive linguistic varieties. Some of these varieties are very similar, and some are very different from each other. Each of these subtribes is known by a number of different names. There is the name the group gives to itself, for example Chamchang, and then a ‘general name’, used in communication with non-Tangsas. The general name for the Chamchang is Kimsing.
About 70 different subtribes have been identified;Within India, the most recently arrived Tangsa are known as Pangwa.
These are listed with the name used by the group itself first, followed by alternative spellings in brackets. M indicates the group is found only in Myanmar, I
only in India and B in both India and Myanmar. This list is not complete:
自称 ；括号内为他称；M代表分布于缅甸；I代表分布于印度（藏南印占区）；B代表两地都有分布：
Butay (Raha, Bongtai) B
Chamchang (Kimsing, Khemsing) B
Champhang (Thamphang) B
Cholim (Tonglum) B
Chuyo (Wanggu) M
Donghi (Dongi) B
Gaha M
Gaja I
Gakat (Wakka) B
Gaqchan (Gashan) M
Gaqlun (Galun) B
Gawkchung M
Gawqlum (Kawlum) M
Gayi M
HachengB
Hachum M
Hakhi (Hachi) M
Hakhun B
Halang I
Hakyain (Hatse, Hakyain, Gaqchain) M
Haman M
Hapaw (Hatphaung, Apo) M
Hasik (Awlay, Awlaw, Laju) M
Hawkho M
Hawoi (Havi) I
Henchein (Shangcheing, Shangchaing) M
Joglei (Yogli, Yawklai) I
Kaisan M
Khalak B
Kumkaq M
Lakkai (Lati) B
Lama M
Lochhang (Lanching, Lanchien ) B
Longchang I
Longkhai (Lungkhi, Lungkhai) B
Longri (Lungri ) B
Lulum (live close to Gaqlun) M
Lumnu M
Longphi (Lungphi) I
Maitai (Mitay ) B
Miku M
Muklom (Moklum) I
Mossang (Mawshang) B
Mungrey (Mawrang, Morang) B
Nahein M
Ngaimong B
Nyinshaw (Nyinshao) M
Pingku M
Ponthai I
Rangchein (Rangti, Ran-kyi, Rangsi, Rasi) M
Ranu (Lanu) M
Rasa (Rasit) M
Rera (Ronrang ) I
Ringkhu M
Sansik (Siknyo, Sheiknyo, Sikpo) M
Shangti (Shangri) B
Shangwan (Shawvel, Shangwal) B
Shanke (Shaekyeu, Shaekjeng) B
Shaukra (Shograng) M
Tawkay (Tokay) M
Thamkok (Chamkok, ) M
Tikhak I
Yangnaw M
Yasa M
Yawngkon M
Yongkuk I

唐萨人男女喜欢留长发，女人把头发捆绑成一个髻，上面覆盖着一块布，称为库帕。男人穿绿色的隆吉，这是一条黄色、红色或白色的纱以及附有无袖衬衫组成的服饰。另一方面，女性穿筒裙和亚麻布衬衫。
由于他们是通过缅甸才从中国云南迁徙到藏南的，所以服饰上就有缅甸的特点。基本上是采用缅甸的服饰。但是也保留了自己的特点。
唐萨人图：








唐萨人农业上实行轮耕制（称为Jhum Cultivation），属于刀耕火种，并能制作和使用简单的手工工具，他们种植水稻，小米，玉米，魔芋，蔬菜。传统膳食包括米酒和猪肉、竹笋。
唐萨人信仰万物有灵的原始宗教，也有人信仰小乘佛教和基督教。
在祭祀中，他们会祭酒，并且还有祭祀祖先。在祭祀祖先的时候会用猪作为贡品。
典型的节日有摩尔节或称库哈摩尔节（Mol or Kuh-a-Mol ，祈求丰收）和丰收节。在节日中，他们会敲锣打鼓，载歌载舞。
他们也有藏南珞巴族阿迪人一样的公房宿舍制度。就是将未婚的少男少女分开管理教育，男生的宿舍叫鲁普旁（Looppong )，女性的宿舍叫力克普亚(Likpya )。
唐萨人信守平均主义。一个家庭的成员享受财产平分。一个部落会有一个部落理事会来管理部落的日常事务。
Culture

The Tangsa's habitation along the Myanmar border resulted in cultural influence from neighbouring tribes across the border and the adoption of Burmese dress among many tribal members.
Traditionally, the Tangsa kept long hair in both sexes, which is tied into a bun and covered with a piece of cloth, known in some Tangsa varieties as the Khu-pak / Khu-phop. The menfolk traditionally used to wear a long and narrow piece of cloth called lamsam / lengti that barely covers the hip and pelvis region.
However, nowadays they wear a broad cylindrical piece of cloth called lungi that is green in colour and is lined with yellow, red and white yarns, and accompanied with a sleeveless shirt. On the other hand, the costume of the womenfolk traditionally used to be a piece of cloth wrapped around the chest and a similar piece of cloth wrapped around the waist extending just below the knees. Nowadays, with the availability of yarn, their costume include an artistically woven petticoat, which acts as the lower garment, and a linen blouse.
Lifestyle
Traditionally Tangsa people practiced shifting cultivation (known as Jhum in
Hindi and Assamese). Nowadays those Tangsa in the plains area of India practice
wet rice cultivation. In the traditional agriculture, using simple manual tools, the Tangsa raise crops that include paddy, millet, maize and arum, and vegetables. Tangsa people make scanty use of milk and milk products, although milk tea is now served in many Tangsa houses. Traditional meals comprise of vide variety of
recipes. But, staple food comprices of boiled or steamed rice, vegetables boiled with herbs and spices(stew) and boiled or roasted fish or meat. Snacks include boiled or roasted arum or topiaca. Traditional drinks include smoked tea(phalap) and rice beer (called ju, kham or che).
Owing to the climate and terrain, the Tangsa live in stilt houses, which are divided into many roo***ike the Nocte, the Tangsa traditionally had separate dormitories for men, known in Longchang Tangsa as Looppong for the males and Likpya for the female.
Traditionally, the Tangsa believed in a joint family system, and property is equally divided between all family members. A tribal council, known as Khaphua(Longchang), Khaphong (Muklom) was administered by a Lungwang (chief), who sees to the daily affairs of the Tangsa tribe.
Riligion
Nowadays Tangsa follow a variety of religions. Traditionally their beliefs were
animistic. One example of the animistic beliefs still practised is the Wihu