分类
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲： 昆虫纲 Insecta
目： 蜻蛉目 Odonata
Fabricius, 1793
亚目
差翅亚目 Anisoptera
均翅亚目 Zygoptera
蜻蛉目（学名Odonata）的昆虫主要包括蜻蜓和豆娘。这些昆虫有著硕大的复眼、两对强而有力的透明翅膀, 与及修长的腹部。
大型肉食性飞虫。头部灵活，复眼发达，单眼3个。触角短，4-7节。翅膀4翼，细长。腹部修长。不完全变态，稚虫水栖，无蛹期。
差翅亚目 Anisoptera
蜓总科 Aeshnoidea
晏蜓科（蜓科）Aeshnidae
春蜓科（箭蜓科）Gomphidae
新蜓科 Neopetaliidae
古蜓科 Petaluridae
勾蜓总科Cordulegastroidea
勾蜓科（大蜓科）Cordulegastridae
昔蜓总科Epiophlebioidea
昔蟌科（蟌蜓科） Epiophlebiidae
蜻蜓总科 Libelluloidea
弓蜓科（伪蜓科）Corduliidae
大蜻科（山蜻蛉科）Macromiidae
蜻蜓科（蜻科） Libellulidae
澳蜻蛉科 Synthemidae
均翅亚目 Zygoptera
歧蟌总科 Hemiphlebioidea
歧蟌科 Hemiphlebiidae
细蟌总科 Coenagrionoidea
细蟌科 Coenagrionidae
Isostictidae
琵蟌科 Platycnemididae
短脉蟌科（扁蟌科）Platystictidae
朴蟌科（原蟌科）Protoneuridae
畸痣蟌科 Pseudostigmatidae
丝蟌总科 Lestoidea
丝蟌科 Lestidae
拟丝蟌科 Lestoideidae
蹒蟌科 Megapodagrionidae
环蟌科 Perilestidae
Pseudolestidae
洵蟌科 Synlestidae
珈蟌总科 Calopterygoidea
丽蟌科 Amphipterygidae
珈蟌科（河蟌科）Calopterygidae
鼓蟌科 Chlorocyphidae
Dicteriadidae
幽蟌科 Euphaeidae
美蟌科 Polythoridae


"蜻蛉目种的资料"
"亚目","科名","序","中名","学名","分布","成虫时期"
"不均翅亚目","蜻蜓科Libellulidae",
,,1,"粗腰蜻蜓","Acisoma panorpoides panorpoides","0-500","4-11"
,,2,"八仙蜻蜓","Agrionoptera insignis similis Selys","兰屿绿岛","6-10"
,,3,"橙斑蜻蜓","Brachydiplax chalybea flavovittata","0-300","4-10"
,,4,"褐斑蜻蜓","Brachythemis contaminata","0-500","4-11"
,,5,"线纹蜻蜓","Cratilla lineata assidua Lieftinck","南东部0-500","4-9"
,,6,"猩红蜻蜓","Crocothemis servilia servilia","0-1300","3-11"
,,7,"短痣蜻蜓","Deielia phaon"
,,8,"侏儒蜻蜓","Diplacodes trivialis","0-500","3-11"
,,9,"朱红蜻蜓","Hydrobasileus croceus","0-500","5-9"
,,10,"海神蜻蜓","Lathrecista asiatica asiatica"
,,11,"广腹蜻蜓","Lyriothemis elegantissima Selys","0-500","6-9"
,,12,"树穴蜻蜓","Lyriothemis flava Oguma","0-600","6-9"
,,13,"高翔蜻蜓","Macrodiplax cora"
,,14,"小红蜻蜓","Nannophya pygmaea "
,,15,"漆黑蜻蜓","Nannophyopsis clara","北部0-500","4-8"
,,16,"浅褐蜻蜓","Neurothemis fulvia"
,,17,"善变蜻蜓","Neurothemis ramburii","0-1500","3-11"
,,18,"双截蜻蜓","Neurothemis tullia tullia"
,,19,"琥珀蜻蜓","Onychothemis tonkinensis tonkinensis","0-600","6-9"
,,20,"白纫蜻蜓","Orthetrum albistyla speciosum","0-1000","7-9"
,,21,"金黄蜻蜓","Orthetrum glaucum","0-500","3-11"
,,22,"扶桑蜻蜓","Orthetrum japonicum internum","北部0-500","3-5"
,,23,"吕宋蜻蜓","Orthetrum luzonicum","0-500","3-10"
,,24,"灰黑蜻蜓","Orthetrum melania","0-1500","5-10"
,,25,"霜白蜻蜓(西里亚种)","Orthetrum pruinosum clelia","兰屿","6-10"
,,26,"霜白蜻蜓(中印亚种)","Orthetrum pruinosum neglectum","0-1600","3-11"
,,27,"杜松蜻蜓","Orthetrum sabina sabina","0-1000","3-11"
,,28,"赭黄蜻蜓","Orthetrum testaceum testaceum"
,,29,"鼎脉蜻蜓","Orthetrum triangulare subsp.","0-1500","5-10"
,,30,"薄翅蜻蜓","Pantala flavescens","0-2500","4-12"
,,31,"溪神蜻蜓","Potamarcha congener congener","南部0-600","6-8"
,,32,"黄纫蜻蜓","Pseudothemis zonata","0-1200","5-9"
,,33,"赛琳蜻蜓","Rhyothemis severini","0-500","6-9"
,,34,"三角蜻蜓","Rhyothemis triangularis","北部0-500","6-9"
,,35,"彩裳蜻蜓","Rhyothemis variegata arria","0-200","5-8"
,,36,"赤衣蜻蜓","Sympetrum baccha baccha"
,,37,"仲夏蜻蜓","Sympetrum darwinianum"
,,38,"焰红蜻蜓","Sympetrum eroticum ardens","中北部0-500","6-10"
,,39,"孔凯蜻蜓","Sympetrum kunckeli"
,,40,"黄基蜻蜓","Sympetrum speciosum taiwanum","800--","6-9"
,,41,"夜游蜻蜓","Tholymis tillarga"
,,42,"海霸蜻蜓","Tramea transmarina euryale","北部0-500"
,,43,"海霸蜻蜓","Tramea transmarina propinqua","南部兰屿0-500","3-8"
,,44,"大华蜻蜓","Tramea virginia","0-1300","6-9"
,,45,"紫红蜻蜓","Trithemis aurora","0-2000","5-11"
,,46,"乐仙蜻蜓","Trithemis festiva","东南部0-1000","5-10"
,,47,"灰脉蜻蜓","Trithemis pallidinervis"
,,48,"褐基蜻蜓","Urothemis signata yiei","0-300","5-9"
,,49,"纤腰蜻蜓","Zyxomma petiolatum","0-300","3-10"
,,50,"高砂蜻蜓","Zygonyx takasago","北部0-500","5-9"
,"春蜓科Gomphidae",1,"国姓春蜓","Anisogomphus koxingai"
,,2,"长唇春蜓","Anisogomphus sp."


,,3,"虫茎春蜓","Burmagomphus vermicularis"
,,4,"火神春蜓","Fukienogomphus prometheus","北部0-1500","5-7"
,,5,"联纹春蜓","Gomphidia confluens"
,,6,"异纹春蜓","Gomphidia kruegeri fukienensis"
,,7,"海南春蜓","Gomphus hainanensis","北部0-500","4-7"
,,8,"双角春蜓","Gomphus pacificus"
,,9,"圆痣春蜓","Gomphus perlaetus"
,,10,"钩纹春蜓","Gomphus septimus","北部0-500","4-7"
,,11,"南山春蜓","Gomphus takashii"
,,12,"曲尾春蜓","Heliogomphus retroflexus","南北部0-500","5-8"
,,13,"细钩春蜓","Ictinogomphus clavatus","0-500","4-9"
,,14,"粗钩春蜓","Ictinogomphus rapax","0-500","4-9"
,,15,"钩尾春蜓","Lamelligomphus formosanus","中北东0-500","5-10"
,,16,"绍德春蜓(嘉义亚种)","Leptogomphus sauteri formosanus","0-1000","5-10"
,,17,"绍德春蜓(恒春亚种)","Leptogomphus sauteri sauteri","南部0-500","4-8"
,,18,"窄胸春蜓","Merogomphus paviei"
,,19,"阔腹春蜓","Sieboldius deflexus","中北部0-600","5-7"
,,20,"铰剪春蜓","Sinogomphus formosanus","中北部0-2000","4-7"
,,21,"球角春蜓","Stylogomphus changi"
,,22,"垂角春蜓","Stylogomphus shirozu","北部0-600","4-9"
,"晏蜓科Aeshnidae",1,"泰雅晏蜓","Aeshna taiyal"
,,2,"碧翠晏蜓","Anaciaeschna jaspidea","0-500","6-8"
,,3,"乌基晏蜓","Anaciaeschna martini","北东部0-1500","6-9"
,,4,"乌点晏蜓","Anax guttatus"
,,5,"乌带晏蜓","Anax nigrofasciatus nigrofasciatus","0-1500","4-10"
,,6,"麻斑晏蜓","Anax panybeus","0-1000","4-11"
,,7,"绿胸晏蜓","Anax parthenope julius","0-500","4-10"
,,8,"微刺晏蜓","Cephalaeschna risi"
,,9,"浡铗晏蜓","Gynacantha bayadera"
,,10,"长铗晏蜓","Gynacantha hyalina"
,,11,"倭铗晏蜓","Gynacantha japonica"
,,12,"琉球晏蜓","Gynacantha ryukyuensis","北部0-800","4-10"
,,13,"舞铗晏蜓","Gynacantha saltatrix"
,,14,"源垭晏蜓","Oligoaeschna pyanan","中北部1000-","7-8"
,,15,"柱铗晏蜓","Periaeschna magdalena","中北部0-1000","4-8"
,,16,"李斯晏蜓","Planaeschna risi risi","0-500","4-9"
,,17,"阳明晏蜓","Planaeschna taiwana","中北部0-1500","6-8"
,,18,"朱黛晏蜓","Polycanthagyna erythromelas","中北部0-1000","3-9"
,,19,"描金晏蜓","Polycanthagyna melanictera"
,,20,"鸟头晏蜓","Polycanthagyna ornithocephala"
,"勾蜓科Cordulegastridae",1,"无霸勾蜓","Anotogaster sieboldii","0-1500","6-10"
,,2,"短痣勾蜓","Chlorogomphus brevistigma brevistigma"
,,3,"褐翼勾蜓","Chlorogomphus risi","0-1000","5-9"
,,4,"阔翼勾蜓","Chlorogomphus splendidus"
,,5,"斑翼勾蜓","Chlorogomphus suzukii","0-1500","5-9"
,"弓蜓科Cordullidae",1,"慧眼弓蜓","Epophthalmia elegans","0-800","5-10"
,,2,"岷峨弓蜓","Hemicordulia mindana nipponica"
,,3,"耀沂弓蜓","Macromia chui"
,,4,"海神弓蜓","Macromia clio","0-600","4-8"
,,5,"天王弓蜓","Macromia urania"
"均翅亚目","细蟌科Coenagrionidae",1,"针尾细蟌","Aciagrion migratum","0-600","5-9"
,,2,"白粉细蟌","Agriocnemis femina oryzae","0-500","5-10"
,,3,"橙尾细蟌","Agriocnemis pygmaea","0-500","3-8"
,,4,"苇笛细蟌","Cercion calamorum dyeri","0-1000","6-9"
,,5,"蔚蓝细蟌","Cercion sexlineatum"
,,6,"钱博细蟌","Cercion sieboldii"
,,7,"眛影细蟌","Ceriagrion fallax fallax","0-2000","5-8"
,,8,"红腹细蟌","Ceriagrion latericium ryukyuanum","0-500","3-10"
,,9,"黄腹细蟌","Ceriagrion melanurum"
,,10,"亚东细蟌","Ischnura asiatica","0-1000","6-8"
,,11,"朝云细蟌","Ischnura aurora aurora"
,,12,"青纹细蟌","Ischnura senegalensis","0-1000","3-10"
,,13,"月斑细蟌","Mortonagrion selenion"
,,14,"蓝彩细蟌","Onychargia atrocyana","宜兰","5-10"
,,15,"瘦面细蟌","Pseudagrion microcephalum","南部0-500","4-10"
,,16,"弓背细蟌","Pseudagrion pilidorsum pilidorsum","中南东0-1200","3-10"
,"珈蟌科Calopterygidae",1,"白痣珈蟌","Matrona basilaris subsp.","0-1500","4-12"
,,2,"细胸珈蟌","Mnais andersoni tenuis","北部0-600","3-5"
,,3,"中华珈蟌(南台亚种)","Psolodesmus mandarinus dorothea","中南部0-1500","4-12"
,,4,"中华珈蟌(厦门亚种)","Psolodesmus mandarinus mandarinus","北部0-1500","4-12"
,"琵蟌科Platycnemididae",1,"美姿琵蟌","Calicnemia eximia"
,,2,"青黑琵蟌","Coeliccia cyanomelas","中北部0-1500","5-10"
,,3,"黄尾琵蟌","Coeliccia flavicauda flavicauda","中南部0-500","5-10"
,,4,"环纹琵蟌","Copera ciliata","0-500","4-9"
,,5,"胫蹼琵蟌","Copera marginipes","0-500","4-10"
,"幽蟌科Euphaeidae",1,"短尾幽蟌","Bayadera brevicauda brevicauda","0-1200","5-9"
,,2,"短腹幽蟌","Euphaea formosa","0-1500","4-10"
,"洵蟌科Synlestidae",1,"黄腹洵蟌","Megalestes maai","中北部800-2500","3-8"
,"丝蟌科Lestidae",1,"镶纹丝蟌","Lestes concinnus"
,,2,"青纹丝蟌","Lestes cyaneus","1100--","5-8"
,,3,"隐纹丝蟌","Lestes praemorsus praemorsus"
,,4,"长痣丝蟌","Orolestes selysi"
,"鼓蟌科Chlorocyphidae",1,"脊纹鼓蟌","Libellago lineata lineata"
,,2,"帘格鼓蟌","Rhinocypha fenestrella baibarana","中部0-1000","6-8"
,,3,"棋纹鼓蟌","Rhinocypha perforata perforata","0-300","6-8"
,"朴蟌科Protoneuridae",1,"朱背朴蟌","Prodasineura croconota","0-1000","6-9"
,"蹒蟌科Megapodagrionidae",1,"芽痣蹒蟌","Rhipidolestes aculeatus aculeatus","0-1000","5-8"
"Sheet3"


蜻蛉目介绍
汪良仲
蜻蛉目的成员(以下统称为蜻蛉)目前在全世界有29个科将近5800种，在分类学上属於动物界、节肢动物门、昆虫纲、有翅亚纲、外生翅群中的一目，目前蜻蛉目被分为三个亚目：均翅亚目(Zygoptera)、间翅亚目(Anisozygoptera)以及不均翅亚目(Anisoptera)。
均翅亚目(Zygoptera)
这类蜻蛉我们通称为豆娘(Damselflies)，成虫的主要特徵是大部份种类的翅膀基部为柄状，前后翅的大小、形状以及翅脉相均非常相似，翅的中室为长方形，两复眼的距离较远，体型中小型且腹部呈现均匀纤细，除少部份种类外，大部份种类平时在停栖时翅膀均竖起，且飞行能力较差。稚虫在腹部末端都有2-3 『尾鳃』或『肉突』，呼吸器官大多是以尾鳃为主。
不均翅亚目(Anisoptera)
这类蜻蛉我们通称为蜻蜓(Dragonflies)，成虫的主要特徵是翅膀的基部不具柄状，后翅的基部较前后为宽大、翅脉相也较不相似，翅的中室分隔为两个『三角室』，两复眼的距离较近，体型大中小型均有，但都非常粗壮，平时停止时翅膀不会竖起而是成不同角度张开，飞行能力较强。稚虫在腹部末端没有尾鳃或肉突，呼吸器官是『直肠鳃』。
间翅亚目(Anisozygoptera)
这类蜻蛉在形态上是介於均翅亚目与不均翅亚目之间，它的翅膀类似豆娘，具翅柄，翅的中室为长方形，但身体结构却类似蜻蜓，过去大多数学者认为本亚目拥有较多蜻蛉祖先的特徵，所以称之为「昔蜻蛉」，或者『蜻蛉的活化石』。但少数学者认为本亚目在演化上是属於较晚才分歧出来的分类群，所以推测在较年轻的陆块上应该也有分布。目前本亚目在全世界只有一科一属两种的记录，仅分别分布於日本及喜马拉雅山区附近。
、生态行为
1.食物与天敌(Preys and Natural enemies)
         蜻蛉不论稚虫或成虫都是肉食性的，它们的食物与天敌因为处於不同的生态环境而各有所不同。
稚虫方面：
随著栖息环境的不同，稚虫摄食的食物类群也有所不同。不管捕食什麼猎物，蜻蛉都是以其头部下唇特化的捕捉器来猎食。栖息於溪流的蜻蛉主要以蜉蝣稚虫、石蝇稚虫、石蚕蛾幼虫、摇蚊等双翅目幼虫以及一些小鱼为食；而栖息於静水域的种类则主要以蝌蚪、小型虾类、小鱼、水蚤、体型较小的蜻蛉稚虫、仰泳椿、孑孓、摇蚊等双翅目幼虫为食。在食物不足而蜻蛉族群密度又大的情形下，常常会发生同种蜻蛉自相残杀的现象。刚孵化出来的稚虫因本身体型相当渺小而大多以水中悬浮动物为食。稚虫的天敌则是鸟类、大型杂食性鱼类、红娘华、负子虫、龙虱等。
成虫方面：
通常以本身体型大小来捕捉适合的猎物，这些猎物大多是具有翅膀的昆虫，也就是说它们是在飞的过程被复眼锐利的蜻蛉当场拦截捕捉，而成为蜻蛉的食物。蜻蛉捕食的方式主要有两大类：第一类是停栖在某一定点，当有猎物飞行经过，这类蜻蛉便锁定目标，快速飞去捕捉，通常都会飞回原先的定点上大快朵颐一番。笔者在拍照时常遇到这种现象，原先都以为是自己动作稍大吓走了它们，等到几秒后蜻蛉从数十公尺的高空飞回并带著猎物，这时我才知道它是飞去觅食，而非被我吓跑了。这一类的蜻蛉包括了所有的豆娘跟大部份蜻蜓科及部份春蜓科成员。第二类则是「觅食飞行」(feeding flying)，蜻蛉会飞翔於空中，有高有低，有规律性的也有无规律性的，有集体的也有单独的，它们会直接在空中拦截捕捉飞行的昆虫，然后当场就将猎物吃掉了。诸如勾蜓科、晏蜓科、弓蜓科、部份春蜓科及几种蜻蜓科均属於此类。
         蜻蛉虽然在昆虫中算是凶猛的猎食者，但它们也有天敌。 这些天敌除了鸟类、蜥蜴、蛙类等体型较大的动物外，蜘蛛及螳螂亦是蜻蛉重要的天敌。在自然界也常常可以看到大蜻蛉捕食小蜻蛉的画面。


zt:"蜻蛉目种的资料"http://yahoo.cynet.com.tw/yahoo/new/excel/dragonfly.xls
zt:蜻蛉目介绍http://awk.caes.tpc.edu.tw/special/930001/net/dragonfly.htm

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