chemist (n.) 化学家,药剂师
18. mean meant meant
meaning (n.)
shake shook shaken
shake hands 握手
shake one’s head 摇头
表达的意思是:“动作或状态延续直到某时为止”时用延续性动词,如work , stay, study
We walked until it got dark.
not… until 直到。。。才, 用瞬间性动词,如 stop, come, finish
We didn’t go to the cinema until it stopped raining.
puzzle (n.) 困惑, (v.)使。。。迷惑
puzzled (adj.) 感到困惑的 puzzling (adj.) 令人迷惑的,茫然不知所措的,
22. precious 近义词 valuable, costly
反义词 worthless
mean by… “…意思是…”
What do you mean by saying that?
24. reply ( n. &v. ) replied
He answered my letter.
He replied to my letter.
25.nobody, no one, nothing只能单独使用,后面不跟of短语,做主语时,谓语动词用单数。而none后可跟of 短语,做主语时,单复数都可以。
Nobody can speak Japanese. None of them can speak Japanese. (2) nobody, no one, nothing和none常用作简略答语,一般情况下,nothing回答what问句; nobody和no one回答who问句;none回答how many或how much问句。 ①—What’s in the box ? 盒子里有什么? — Nothing. 什么也没有。 ②—Who is in the classroom? 谁在教室里? —Nobody / No one. 没有人。 ③—How many people are there in the park? 公园里有多少人? —None.没有人。
26.Much, many, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, little 和few
a) much, little, a little用于修是不可数名词;
mnay, few, a few用于修饰可数名词
a lot of, lots of, plenty of既可用于可数名词, 又可修饰不可数名词
b) much 和many 常用于疑问句和否定句。A lot of, lots of, plenty of多用于肯定句。若much和many用于肯定句时, 常常与 as, too, very, so等搭配
as many peaches as / too many clothes/very much/ so much that 。。。。。。
c)表示“少, 一点点”的含义时, 可以使用a little/ little和a few/few. Little 和few是否定含义, 表示 “少得几乎没有”
I have a few friends in London so I go there quite often .
I have few friends so I am very lonely.
There ‘s a little space left in my suitcase. I can buy a few gifts.
There’s little chance of putting anything else in my suitcase---it’s too full.
d). a lot , lots, a few, a little 以及many/much及其否定式not many/not much都可以用作代词。
Drink a lot!
There used to be a lot of tigers in Asia, but now there are not many left.
27. all, every 和each