附注：Cokeworth这个名字会让人想到工业化，因为Coke意为焦炭【虽然可乐也是工业化产物w
XXXworth在英文命名中很常见，比如冰火里面的Davos就将自己的姓氏命名为Seaworth，因为他原本是个海上走私犯 还有Stokeworth家族，听名字就知道是群战五渣 当然不止是姓氏，在名字中也常见，比如Wentworth

【Florean Fortescue】
Florean Fortescue, owner of an ice-cream parlour in Diagon Alley, is the subject of a ghost plot (a narrative that never made it into the final books). Harry meets him in Prisoner of Azkaban, where he finds out that Florean knows a lot about medieval wizards. Later, Harry discovers that an ex-headmaster of Hogwarts was called Dexter Fortescue.
Florean Fortescue，对角巷冰淇淋店的店主，是一段幽灵情节（没有最终出现在书中的情节）的主角。在阿兹卡班的囚徒中，Harry遇见了他，并发现Florean了解许多关于中世纪巫师的知识。在那之后，Harry发现一位霍格沃茨前任校长就叫做Dexter Fortescue。

——罗琳的想法——
Charing Cross Road is famous for its bookshops, both modern and antiquarian. This is why I wanted it to be the place where those in the know go to enter a different world.
查林十字街以它众多的书店而闻名，既有现代书也包含古籍。所以我选择这里作为一个能让知情者进入异世界的场所。

【Cauldrons】坩埚
Cauldrons were once used by Muggles and wizards alike, being large metal cooking pots that could be suspended over fire. In time, magical and non-magical people alike moved on to stoves; saucepans became more convenient and cauldrons became the sole province of witches and wizards, who continued to brew potions in them. A naked flame is essential for the making of potions, which makes cauldrons the most practical pot of all.
坩埚曾经是放置在火堆上的大型金属烹饪器皿，麻瓜和巫师都使用。后来魔法界和非魔法界居民都开始使用火炉；平底锅变得更为方便，因此坩埚成为了男女巫师的专属用品，被他们继续用来熬制魔药。制作魔药时明火是必须的，因此坩埚是最为实用的器具。
All cauldrons are enchanted to make them lighter to carry, as they are most commonly made of pewter or iron. Modern inventions include the self-stirring and collapsible varieties of cauldron, and pots of precious metal are also available for the specialist, or the show-off.
坩埚通常由锡镴或铁制成，因此所有坩埚都被施了减重便携的魔法。一些相关现代发明包括自动搅拌和可拆卸坩埚，贵金属器皿也会对专业人士或者想要炫耀的人提供。

附注：
Cauldron在这里仅仅指的是用于烹煮的大锅，麻瓜在化学实验中使用的那种坩埚在英语里叫Crucible。
Leprechaun是爱尔兰民间传说中的小妖精/小矮妖。
不列颠十三宝物是中世纪威尔士地区的民间传说，其中那13件宝物（后来还多加了两件）之一就是那只傲娇的大锅，只会为勇敢的人煮熟食物。这只大锅的故事最初可能来源于亚瑟王传说。【参考自维基百科
爱尔兰传说的四珍宝是一族名叫Tuatha Dé Danann的神族从四个岛屿上得到的四件宝物，分别是一块石头，一把剑，一支长枪和一口大锅（中文翻译是命运之石，不败之剑，贯魔神枪和达格达的大釜）【参考自维基百科

【Potions】魔药
It is often asked whether a Muggle could create a magic potion, given a Potions book and the right ingredients. The answer, unfortunately, is no. There is always some element of wandwork necessary to make a potion (merely adding dead flies and asphodel to a pot hanging over a fire will give you nothing but nasty-tasting, not to mention poisonous, soup).
总是有人问起，如果有一本魔药书加上相应的原材料，麻瓜能否制作出一份魔药。很可惜，答案是否定的。制作魔药的过程总会包括一些需要魔杖才能完成的步骤（仅仅把死苍蝇和水仙放进锅里熬煮只会让你得到一份难闻的汤，更不用说还是有毒的）。
Some potions duplicate the effects of spells and charms, but a few (for instance, the Polyjuice Potion, and Felix Felicis) have effects impossible to achieve any other way. Generally speaking, witches and wizards favour whichever method they find easiest, or most satisfying, to produce their chosen end.
有些魔药能够制造出与魔咒相同的效果，但一小部分魔药（例如复方汤剂和福灵剂）的效果是独特的，没有其它方法复制。总体而言，男女巫师们会选择他们觉得最简单或最有效的方法，来获得他们想要的结果。
Potions are not for the impatient, but their effects are usually difficult to undo by any but another skilled potioneer. This branch of magic carries a certain mystique and therefore status. There is also the dark cachet of handling substances that are highly dangerous. The popular idea of a Potions expert within the wizarding community is of a brooding, slow-burning personality: Snape, in fact, conforms perfectly to the stereotype.
魔药不适合没有耐心的人，但它们的效果则通常只能被另外的优秀魔药研究者所化解。这一魔法种类带有某种程度的神秘色彩，因此也具有地位。掌控极端危险的物质也使其具有一种黑暗的威望。巫师社会对于魔药专家的普遍印象是沉郁压抑，缓慢发怒：实际上，Snape就完全符合这一刻板印象。

——罗琳的想法——
Chemistry was my least favourite subject at school, and I gave it up as soon as I could. Naturally, when I was trying to decide which subject Harry’s arch-enemy, Severus Snape, should teach, it had to be the wizarding equivalent. This makes it all the stranger that I found Snape’s introduction to his subject quite compelling (‘I can teach you to bottle fame, brew glory, even stopper death...’), apparently part of me found Potions quite as interesting as Snape did; and indeed I always enjoyed creating potions in the books, and researching ingredients for them. Many of the components of the various draughts and libations that Harry creates for Snape exist (or were once believed to exist) and have (or were believed to have) the properties I gave them. Dittany, for instance, really does have healing properties (it is ananti-inflammatory, although I would not advise Splinching yourself to test it); a bezoar really is a mass taken from the intestines of an animal, and it really was once believed that drinking water in which a bezoar was placed could cure you of poisoning.
化学是我上学时最讨厌的科目，能够自由选课之后我就不再继续学它。所以很自然地，当我考虑让Harry的宿敌Severus Snape执教哪一门课时，那必须是巫师世界与化学相对应的科目。然而奇怪的是，在我看来Snape对于他执教科目的入门介绍相当吸引人（“我能教会你们熬制名誉，酿造荣耀，甚至封装死亡……”），显然我在某种程度上和Snape一样觉得魔药十分有趣；而且我确实很享受在书中创作魔药和为之研究相应原料的过程。在Harry为Snape制作的多种药剂中，许多原料是真实存在的（或者曾被人认为存在），并且确实拥有（或者曾被认为拥有）我所赋予它们的特性。例如白藓确实具有治疗的功效（它是一种消炎药，当然我不建议你去切开自己的身体来试验效果）；牛黄确实是从动物内脏中取出的物质，人们也真的曾经认为喝泡过牛黄的水可以解毒。
原文地址：http://www.pottermore.com/en-us/book6/chapter9/moment1/potions

【Vampires】吸血鬼
Although vampires exist in the world of Harry Potter, as shown by the literature that Harry and his friends study in Defence Against the Dark Arts, they play no meaningful part in the story. The vampire myth is so rich, and has been exploited so many times in literature and on film, that I felt there was little I could add to the tradition. In any case, vampires are a tradition of Eastern Europe, and in general I tried to draw from British mythology and folklore when creating adversaries for Harry. Aside from passing mentions, therefore, the only vampire whom Harry meets int he books is Sanguini in Half-Blood Prince, who makes a faintly comic appearance at a party.
尽管吸血鬼存在于Harry Potter的世界中，从Harry和他的朋友们在黑魔法防御术课上学习的书籍中就看得出，但他们与故事的主要部分没有任何关联。吸血鬼传说实在太过丰富，而且在各种文学作品和电影中被探讨了太多次，我觉得已经没有多少我可以为这个传说添加的内容了。无论如何，吸血鬼是东欧传说，而总体上我在创作Harry的对手时会尽量参考英国神话和民间传说。因此，除了一笔带过的描述之外，Harry在书中遇见的唯一一只吸血鬼是混血王子中的Sanguini，他在一次聚会上有过略显喜感的出场。
Looking back through my earliest notebooks, however, I found that on my very earliest list of staff, there was a subjectless vampire teacher I had forgotten, called ‘Trocar’. A Trocar is sharply pointed shaft inserted into arteries or cavities to extract bodily fluids, so I think it a rather good name for a vampire. Evidently I did not think much of him as a character, though, because he disappears fairly early on in my notes.
然而，回头看我最初的笔记时，我发现在我最早设定的教职员名单中，有一位被我遗忘的没有教授科目的吸血鬼教师，名叫Trocar。“Trocar”（套管针）是一种插入动脉或龋洞中抽取体液的尖利针管，所以我觉得作为吸血鬼的名字还很不错。但我显然没有对这一角色考虑太多，因为他很快就消失在我的笔记中了。
For a long time there was a persistent fan rumour that Snape might be a vampire. While it is true that he has an unhealthy pallor, and is sometimes described as looking like a large bat in his long black cloak, he never actually turns into a bat, we meet him outside the castle by daylight, and no corpses with puncture marks in their necks ever turn up at Hogwarts. In short, Snape is not a re-vamped Trocar.
很长一段时间都存在一个持久的粉丝谣言，称Snape可能是一只吸血鬼。虽然他确实有着不健康的苍白肤色，也有时在穿着他那长长的黑袍子时被形容为看上去像只大蝙蝠，但他从没有真的变成一只蝙蝠，我们也见过他出现在日光普照的城堡外，而且霍格沃茨中也没有发现过脖子上有咬痕的尸体。简而言之，Snape并不是改良版的Trocar。

【Inferi】阴尸
An Inferius (plural: Inferi) is a corpse that has been reanimated by a Dark wizard’s curse. It becomes a grisly puppet,and may be used as an expendable servant by the Dark wizard in question. The most obvious sign that one is facing an Inferius rather than a living human are the white and cloudy eyes.
阴尸（Inferius，复数形式为Inferi）是由黑巫师施咒唤起的尸体。它变成可怖的傀儡，可以被这位黑巫师作为消耗性的仆从使用。要辨别面对的是阴尸而非活人，最明显的标志是它苍白浑浊的双眼。
The spells used to reanimate a human body are much more complex than those used, for instance, to make inanimate object fly. The Inferius may be cursed to respond lethally if disturbed, to kill indiscriminately, and to undertake perilous jobs for its master. Its limitations are, however, obvious; it has no will and no brain of its own, and will not be able to think its way out of unforeseen trouble. As a warrior or guardian with no regard for its own safety, however, it has many uses.
将人类尸体重新唤起的咒语比起其他一些咒语，例如让无生命的物体飞行的咒语要远远复杂得多。阴尸可以被施咒而对打扰者进行致命攻击，进行无差别杀戮，或是为主人承担危险工作。但它具有显然的局限性；它没有自己的思想和意志，也无法解决意料之外的麻烦。然而，作为不在意自身安全的战士或守卫，它具有许多用处。
The Inferi whom Harry and Dumbledore encounter in the depths of the lake in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince were, when alive, mostly vagrant, homeless Muggles whom Voldemort had murdered for the purpose during his first rise to power, although some were the earthly remains of wizards or witches who ‘disappeared’ without explanation.
在Harry Potter与混血王子中，Harry和Dumbledore在湖中深处遭遇的阴尸生前多数为Voldemort在他第一次崛起时刻意杀死的无家可归的流浪麻瓜们，尽管也有一些是无故“失踪”的男女巫师的遗骸。
Preserved indefinitely by Dark magic, an Inferius can only be destroyed by fire, for no spell has been found to render dead flesh impervious to burning. Inferi are therefore enchanted to avoid flames by their master.
阴尸由黑魔法永久维持，只能被火焰消灭，因为没有任何咒语能够让死尸对燃烧免疫。因此阴尸会被它们的主人施咒命令避开火焰。

————罗琳的想法————
Inferi have much in common with zombies, which are mentioned as separate creatures within Harry’s world. I had several good reasons for not wishing to call the guardians of the locket Horcrux ‘zombies’. Firstly, zombies are not part of British folklore, but associated with the myths of Haiti and parts of Africa. While the students of Hogwarts would learn about them, they would not expect to meet them walking down the streets of Hogsmeade. Secondly, while zombies of the Vodou tradition can be nothing more than reanimated corpses, a separate but related tradition has it that the sorcerer uses their souls, or part of their souls, to sustain himself. This conflicted with my Horcrux story, and I did not wish to suggest that Voldemort had anymore use for his Inferi than as guards of his Horcrux. Lastly, zombies have been represented and reinterpreted on film so often in the last fifty years that they have a whole raft of associations that were of no use to me. I’m part of the ‘Thriller’ generation; to me, a zombie will always mean Michael Jacksonin a bright red bomber jacket.
阴尸与丧尸有许多共同之处，但在Harry的世界中他们是不同的生物。关于为何不将挂坠盒魂器的守卫叫做“丧尸”我有几个好理由。首先，丧尸并非英国民间传说，而是与海地和部分非洲神话有关。尽管霍格沃茨学生会学习关于它们的知识，他们并不指望会看见丧尸走在霍格莫德街上。其次，虽然在巫毒文化中丧尸可以只是被唤起的尸体，但在另一个相关的传说中施咒者会使用它们的灵魂或者一部分灵魂来延续自己的生命。这与我的魂器设定相冲突，我也不想让人觉得Voldemort对于阴尸除了保卫魂器之外还有别的用途。最后，最近半个世纪里丧尸在电影中出现并被重新诠释了太多次，它们具有一大堆我并不需要的相关设定。我是听着“颤栗”成长起来的一代；提到丧尸我永远会想到穿着鲜红短夹克的Michael Jackson。
The name Inferius was a play on ‘Inferus’, which is Latin for ‘below’, but with an obvious connotation of being ‘lesser’ than a living human. ‘Inferi’ means the underworld.
阴尸的名称来源于“Inferus”，这一词语在拉丁语中意为“下方”，但带有比活人“下等”的暗示。“Inferi”意为冥界。
原文地址：http://www.pottermore.com/en-us/book6/chapter26/moment1/inferius

School life took an upturn in Draco’s fifth year. Although forbidden to discuss at Hogwarts what he had heard at home, Draco took pleasure in petty triumphs: he was a Perfect (and Harry was not) and Dolores Umbridge, the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, seemed to loathe Harry quite as much as he did. He became a member of Dolores Umbridge’s Inquisitorial Squad, and made it his business to try and discover what Harryand a gang of disparate students were up to, as they formed and trained, in secret, as the forbidden organisation, Dumbledore’s Army. However, at the very moment of triumph, when Draco had cornered Harry and his comrades, and when itseemed that Harry must be expelled by Umbridge, Harry slipped through his fingers. Worse still, Harry managed to thwart Lucius Malfoy’s attempt to kill him, and Draco’s father was captured and sent to Azkaban.
Draco的校园生活在五年级时发生了好转。尽管被禁止在霍格沃茨讨论他在家中听到的消息，Draco还是在琐碎的胜利中得到快感：他成为了一名级长（而Harry没有），而且新黑魔法防御术教师Dolores Umbridge看上去和他一样厌恶Harry。他成为了Dolores Umbridge调查行动组的一员，主动负责追查Harry和一群不同学生的行动，那时他们正在以违规组织邓布利多军的身份秘密聚集和训练。然而，就在Draco终于将Harry和他的同伴逼入绝境，而Harry看似一定会被Umbridge开除出校的胜利时刻，Harry从他指缝中逃走了。更糟的是，Harry挫败了Lucius Malfoy的谋杀行动，而Draco的父亲被捕并被送进了阿兹卡班。
现在Draco的世界分崩离析了。在此之前他父亲站在过去从未企及过的权力和名望的顶端，他们都如此相信，而如今他父亲被捕离家，被关进遥远可怖的被噬魂怪把守的巫师监狱。Lucius从Draco出生开始就是他的偶像和英雄。现在他和母亲成为了食死徒中的下等人；Lucius在愤怒的Lord Voldemort眼中已经成为耻辱的失败者。

Draco’s existence had been cloistered and protected until this point; he had been a privileged boy with little to trouble him, assured of his status in the world and with his head full of petty concerns. Now with his father gone and his mother distraught and afraid, he had to assume a man’s responsibilities.
在此之前Draco一直被隔绝和保护着；他曾是一个无忧无虑的优越男孩，确信着自己在世界中的地位，脑海中考虑的全部是琐事。现在他的父亲离开身边，母亲沉浸在悲痛和恐惧中，他必须承担一个男人的责任。
Worse was to come. Voldemort, seeking to punish Lucius Malfoy still further for the botched capture of Harry, demanded that Draco perform a task so difficult that he would almost certainly fail – and pay with his life. Draco was to murder Albus Dumbledore – how, Voldemort did not trouble to say. Draco was to be left to his own initiative and Narcissa guessed, correctly, that her son was being set up to fail by a wizard who was devoid of pity and could not tolerate failure.
事情还在变得更糟。Voldemort打算更为严厉地惩罚Lucius Malfoy抓捕Harry的失败，他命令Draco完成一项极为困难，几乎注定会失败的任务——然后为此失去生命。Draco要去谋杀Albus Dumbledore——至于怎样谋杀Voldemort并没有费心解释。Draco必须自己想办法，而Narcissa正确地猜到，这位毫无同情也绝不容忍失败的巫师只是刻意让她儿子以失败告终。
对于这个仿佛突然间开始与他父亲作对的世界燃起怒火，Draco成为了食死徒的正式成员，同意去进行Voldemort所命令的谋杀。在这最初阶段，内心充斥着复仇之欲，和让父亲重新获得Voldemort偏爱的渴望，Draco并没有完全理解他所接到的命令。他所了解的只是Dumbledore代表了一切他监牢中的父亲厌恶的形象；Draco轻易地让自己确信，他自己也一样认为这个世界失去霍格沃茨校长会变得更好，毕竟Voldemort的反抗者总是在他身边集结。

When Lucius was freed from Azkaban shortly afterwards, the family was allowed to return to Malfoy Manor with their lives. However, they were now completely discredited. From dreams of the highest status under Voldemort’s new regime, the Malfoys found themselves the lowest in the ranks of the Death Eaters; weaklings and failures, to whom Voldemort was henceforth derisive and contemptuous.
在那之后很快Lucius被释放出了阿兹卡班，他们一家被允许重新回到Malfoy庄园。然而，他们现在已经失去了一切名誉。曾经梦想着在Voldemort的新政权下获得最高地位的Malfoy一家发现自己成为了食死徒阶级的最下等；弱者和失败者，从此只会得到Voldemort的嘲讽和鄙夷。
Draco’s changed, yet still conflicted, personality revealed itself in his actions during the remainder of the warbetween Voldemort and those who were trying to stop him. Although Draco had still not rid himself of the hope of returning the family to their former high position, his inconveniently awakened conscience led him to try –half-heartedly, perhaps, but arguably as best he could in the circumstances – to save Harry from Voldemort when the former was captured and dragged to Malfoy Manor. During the final battle at Hogwarts however, Malfoy made yet another attempt to capture Harry and thereby save his parents’ prestige, and possibly their lives. Whether he could have brought himself to actually hand over Harry is a moot point; I suspect that, as with his attempted murder of Dumbledore, he would again have found the reality of bringing about another person’s death much more difficult in practice than in theory.
在Voldemort与那些尽力反抗他的人之间挑起的战争的余下时光中，Draco已然改变，但仍充满矛盾挣扎的人格通过他的行为展现了出来。尽管Draco还是无法摆脱将自己的家族重新提升到原本的高位的希冀，但他不便地觉醒的良心使他——也许并不积极，但可能是他在那种境况下能做的最多的了——在Harry被捕并被运到Malfoy庄园时从Voldemort手中救了他。但在霍格沃茨的最终决战中，Malfoy却再次尝试抓捕Harry，为了挽救他父母的名望，也许甚至是他们的生命。他是否能够真的狠下心将Harry交出去是个争议点；我推测，就像他曾尝试谋杀Dumbledore时那样，他会再次意识到为他人带来死亡在实际中要比理论上困难得多。
Draco survived Voldemort’s siege of Hogwarts because Harry and Ron saved his life. Following the battle, his father evaded prison by providing evidence against fellow Death Eaters, helping to ensure the capture of many of Lord Voldemort’s followers who had fled into hiding.
Draco在Voldemort围攻霍格沃茨的战斗中活了下来，因为Harry和Ron救了他的命。在那场战斗之后，他父亲揭露了针对其他食死徒的证据线索，并且协助追捕了许多藏匿起来的Lord Voldemort的追随者，以此逃脱了牢狱之灾.。

【Order of Merlin】Merlin爵士团勋章
The Order of Merlin (sometimes abbreviatedto O.M.) is awarded by the Wizengamot, an organisation that predates theMinistry of Magic and nowadays functions as a combination of court andparliament. The Order comprises a handsome golden medal on a green ribbon(First Class), purple ribbon (Second Class) or white ribbon (Third Class).
Merlin爵士团勋章（有时被简写为O.M.）由威森加摩授予，威森加摩成立时间早于魔法部，现在作为法庭兼议会行使职能。这一勋章由一块优质的金奖章束上相应丝带组成，丝带颜色为绿色（一级勋章），紫色（二级勋章）或白色（三级勋章）。
The Order of Merlin, commemorating the mostfamous wizard of his time, has been given since the fifteenth century. Legendsays that the green ribbon, on which the First Class Order hangs, is to reflectMerlin’s Hogwarts house.
Merlin爵士团勋章是为了纪念这位在他所处时代最为著名的巫师，它从十五世纪就开始被授予他人。人们传说束着一级勋章的绿色丝带是为了反映Merlin在霍格沃茨时的学院。
The First Class Order is awarded ‘for actsof outstanding bravery or distinction’ in magic, the Second Class is awardedfor ‘achievement or endeavour beyond the ordinary’ and the Third Class is givento those who ‘have made a contribution to our store of knowledge orentertainment.’
一级勋章授予在魔法领域“展现出尤为出色的勇气或才华”的人，二级勋章授予具有“突出的成就或努力”的人，三级勋章授予“在学术或娱乐方面做出贡献”的人。
As often happens with such highly covetedawards, Ministry of Magic favourites seem to receive the Order of Merlin,especially the higher classes, more often than one might expect. While nobodyargued when Albus Dumbledore received his O.M. (First Class) for defeating theDark wizard Grindelwald, there was a good deal of muttering in the wizardingcommunity when Cornelius Fudge, Minister for Magic, awarded himself an O.M.(First Class) for a career that many considered less than distinguished. Otherless worthy recipients of the highest class of order include Arcturus Black,Sirius Black’s grandfather, who was widely believed to have bought it byloaning the Ministry a large amount of gold.
受魔法部欢迎的人，尤其是上层社会人士，得到Merlin爵士团勋章的次数远比一般人所想的要多，这对于这种令人梦寐以求的奖赏来说是十分常见的现象。当然没人会质疑Albus Dumbledore因击败黑巫师Grindelwald的贡献而得到他的O.M.（一级），但魔法部长Cornelius Fudge为自己授予O.M.（一级）的行为则引起了巫师社会的强烈议论，许多人认为他在任的表现并不出色。另一些并不称职的最高级勋章获得者包括Sirius Black的祖父Arcturus Black，他被广泛认为是通过贷款给魔法部一大堆金子而买到了这个勋章。
原文地址：http://www.pottermore.com/en-us/book6/chapter30/moment1/order-of-merlin