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会长教你拉丁语

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拉丁语(Lingua Latīna)与希腊语同为影响欧美学术与宗教最深的语言,属于印欧语系意大利语族。 历史拉丁语原本是意大利东南方拉提姆地方(Latium,意大利语为Lazio)的方言,后来则因为发源于此地的罗马帝国势力扩张而将拉丁语广泛流传于帝国境内,并定拉丁文为官方语言。


1楼2012-10-14 19:05回复
    “Ab ovo”——“从蛋开始”
    “Ab ovo ad mala”——“从鸡蛋到苹果” 意指很久很久以前。
    出典:古罗马人宴请宾客通常以鸡蛋为前餐,以水果为结束。
    “Beatus ille qui procul negotiis”——“不知忙碌的人才是幸福的”
    出典:贺拉斯在得到梅塞纳斯赠与的田产后,这样咏颂闲情逸致。
    “Bis dat qui cito”——“雪中送炭” 罗马谚语。
    “Carpe diem”——“及时行乐” 出自贺拉斯的一首颂歌。


    2楼2012-10-14 19:06
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      “Cogito ergo sum”——“我思故我在” 笛卡尔!
      “De mortuis nil nisi bene”——“死者为大” 意指不该说死者的坏话。英文中会写作“In the dead there is nothing but bones”
      “Errare humanum est”——“人无完人”
      “Homo homini lupus”—— “人对人为狼” 霍布斯!
      “Iacta est alea”—— “事已决定” 凯撒!(很霸气)
      “In vino veritas”——“酒后吐真言” “Medias in res”——“直奔主题”


      3楼2012-10-14 19:07
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        “Mors certa,hora incerta”——“人必有一死,惟个待其时”
        “Mundus vult decipi”——“这世界愿意被骗” 出典:塞巴斯蒂安-布兰特的《愚人船》
        “Non olet”——“这没臭味” 意指钱没臭味,即人们不会注意钱的来处,即使其来路不正。 出典:古罗马街道上方有陶罐,以作厕所之用。皇帝维斯帕西雅就向来此方便的人征收税费,当其子提乌斯谴责他时,皇帝把钱袋放到了提乌斯的鼻子底下,对他说:你闻到了吗?这没臭味”。
        “O tempora,o mores”——“世风日下,人心不古”出典:西塞罗在前63年的演讲,被他后来释放的奴隶提罗以速记法记录。
        “Qualis artifex pereo”——“看我这个伟大的艺术家是如何死的!”出典:尼禄遗言,这位自诩为诗人和歌者的皇帝在自杀前如是说。
        “Relata refero”—— “我说我所听到的”出典:希罗多德
        “Suum cuique”——“各得其所”出典:西塞罗。这句话曾刻在普鲁士黑鹰勋章上。
        “Veni, Vidi, Vici!”——“我至,我见,我征服!”出典:凯撒在本都闪电战获胜后,在传回罗马的捷报中如是说。
        


        4楼2012-10-14 19:07
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          5楼2012-10-14 19:08
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            古典发音单元音(y上一横找不到就用两点代替)长音 国际音标 近似音 短音 国际音标 近似音ā /a:/ ah a /a/ uhē /e:/ ay e /ε/ ehī /i:/ ee i /i/ iō /o:/ oh o /?/ oū /u:/ oo /u/ uu? /y:/ (ü长音) y /y/ (法u/德ü/拼音ü)


            6楼2012-10-14 19:09
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              双元音(近似音大多是英语的重拼法)拼写 音标 近似音 拼写 音标 近似音ae /ai/ eye au /au/ owei /ei/ ay eu /eu/ eh+uuoe /?i/ oy ui /ui/ oo+i


              7楼2012-10-14 19:09
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                分音节:双元音之外的两个连起来的元音分开,比如de-a。两元音之间只有一个辅音,则辅音归属后面音节:a-mi-cus。多个辅音,只有最后的归属后面音节:mit-to。但是pl、bl、tl、dl、kl、gl、pr、br、tr、dr、kr、gr、qu、ch、ph、th算单辅音:pa-trem。


                9楼2012-10-14 19:10
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                  补:x算双辅音,ax-is(=ak-sis)。长音节:有长音、双元音或闭音节就是长音节。重音:倒数第二音节为长,则其为重音;否则重音在倒数第三音节。


                  10楼2012-10-14 19:10
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                    补:单音节词永远重(语气词除外)双音节词前重后轻


                    11楼2012-10-14 19:10
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                      * a sacris 禁止举行圣祭〔宗教〕
                      * a simili 类似
                      * asinus ad lyram 黔**琴;拙劣荒谬
                      * asinus asino, et sus sui pulcher 惺惺相惜;物以类聚
                      [an ass is beautiful to an ass and a pig to
                      a pig]
                      * asinus asinum fricat [asses rub each other] 互相标榜;相互吹捧;两人相互吹嘘;
                      驴与驴相争
                      * asinus in unguento 驴入香群;冒充;假充
                      * asportavit 窃取;窃走
                      * assignatus utitur jure auctoris 受让人享有让与人的权利
                      [the assignee is possessed of the rights of
                      his principal]
                      * assumpsit 要求赔偿违约所受损失的诉讼
                      [he undertook; a suit to recover damages
                      for breach of a contract or actionable
                      promise]
                      * atra cura 忧郁症
                      * at spes non fructa 希望没有完全破灭
                      * auctor pretiosa facit 礼轻人意重;物轻人重;物因馈而贵
                      [the giver makes (the gifts) precious]
                      * audaces fortuna juvat 勇敢的人运气好;英雄造时势;幸运
                      [fortune favours the brave] 帮助勇者
                      * audax et celer 勇敢敏捷
                      * audendo magnus tegitur timor 色厉内荏
                      [great fear is concealed by a show of
                      daring]
                      * audentes fortuna juva 胆子大,运气就好;幸运帮助勇者
                      [fortune favours the bold]
                      * audi alteram partem [hear the other side] 听取另一方的陈述;听取他方理由;
                      另一方的话也要听
                      * audiatur et altera pars 必须听取另一方;且听他方陈述;不
                      [let the other side also be heard] 要只听一面之词;兼听则明
                      * audita querella 准许被告上诉(令)
                      [the complaint having been heard; a
                      common law writ giving the defendant
                      leave to appeal]
                      * aura popularis 民望;众望
                      * aura populis [popular breeze; popular favour] 民心反复无常
                      * aurea mediocritas [the golden mean] 中庸之道;不富不贫胜于一切
                      * aurea rumpunt tecta quietem 贵为帝王者寝不安席
                      [golden palaces break (or disturb) one's
                      rest]
                      * auribus teneo lupum [I have a wolf by a ear] 骑虎难下 * auri sacra fames [accursed craving for gold] 财迷心窍;爱财如命;酷爱金钱;思
                      财若渴
                      * aurora australis [southern dawn] 南极光
                      * aurora borealis [nothern dawn] 北极光;极光
                      * aurora musis amica 一日之计在于晨
                      * auspicium meriolis aevi 好日子的先兆;吉兆
                      [an omen of a better age; a pledge of
                      better times]
                      * aut Caesar aut nihil (or nullus) 只要第一,不要第二
                      [either or nothing; either first or nowhere]
                      * aut dedere, aut judicare 或引渡或审判;不引渡即审判
                      [either extradite or judge]
                      * aut disce, aut discede; manet sors tertia, 不求学就退学;既不求学又不退学,
                      caedi 就要挨打
                      [either or leave; a third choice remains
                      (or is open to you) - to be flogged]
                      * aut inveniam viam aut faciam 千方百计
                      [I will either find a way or make one]
                      * aut mors aut victoria [death or victory] 不成功便成仁
                      * aut non tentaris, aut perfice 凡事应该彻底;做事应该有始有终
                      [either don't attempt it, or go through
                      with it]
                      * aut punire, aut dedere 或处罪或引渡;不惩罚即引渡
                      [either punish or extradite]
                      * aut reddere, aut punire 或引渡或惩罚;不引渡即惩罚
                      [either punish or extradite]
                      * autrefois acquit [French] 前经宣告无罪,不应再受审判
                      * autrefois convict [French] 前经定罪,不应再受审判
                      * aut vincere aut mori [victory or death] 不成功便成仁
                      * auxilium non leve vultus habet 面貌秀丽占尽便宜
                      [the face affords no inconsiderable aid;
                      a good face is a good recommendation]
                      * a verbis ad verbera [from words to blows] 言语不合,打将起来;先动口,后动
                      手;因口角而斗殴
                      * a verbis legis non est recendendum 法律文字不容变更;法律文字不容违
                      [the words of a statute must not be 反〔多指法院不得支持假定的意
                      departed from] 图而随意不顾法律的文字〕
                      * a vinculo matrimonii 解除婚姻约束;解除婚姻;离婚
                      [from the bonds of marriage; a divorce]
                      * avito viret honore 承祖先余荫
                      [he flourishes upon ancestral honors]
                      * avocando jus 召回权
                      * avulsio 土地转位
                      


                      12楼2012-11-08 19:24
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                        * baccalaureus agriculturae (B Ag or B Agr) 农学士
                        * baccalaureus legum (BL or BLL) 法学士
                        * baccalaureus litterarum (B Litt) 文学士
                        * baccalaureus medicinae (BM) 医学士
                        * baccalaureus Musicae (B Mus) 音乐学士
                        * balneum calidum (baln cal) 温水浴
                        * bancus communium placitorum 高等民事法庭
                        [court of common pleas]
                        * bancus Regis [King's bench] 高等法院〔英国]
                        * barbae tenus sapientes 不懂装懂的人;冒牌专家
                        [men wise as far as their beards; men
                        who pretend to knowledge they do not
                        possess]
                        * basis virtutum constantia 坚贞为道德之本
                        [constancy is the foundation of the virtues]
                        * beatae memoriae [of blessed memory] 已经去世的;先;故
                        * beati pacifici 使人和睦的人有福了
                        〔圣经马太福音第五章]
                        * beati pauperes spiritu 虚心的人有福了
                        * beati possidentes 有财产的人有福了〔谑〕
                        [happy are those who possess]
                        * bella, horrida bella [wars, horrid wars] 战争!可怕的战争! 兵凶战恶
                        * bella matribus detestata 母亲们憎恶战争
                        * bello parta cedunt reipublicae 由于战争而取得的,属于国家
                        * bellum 战争
                        * bellum internecinum 毁灭性的战争;自相残杀的战争;内
                        [internecine war; war of extermination] 战
                        * bellum justum 正义战争
                        * bellum lethale [deadly war] 生死战
                        * bellum omnium contras omnes 针对一切人的全面战争
                        * bellum omnium in omnes 全面战争
                        [a war of all against all]
                        * bene decessit [he died well; he died naturally] 他得善终;寿终正寝;有个好的结果
                        * benedictus benedicat 愿幸福者幸福!
                        * bene est tentares [it is as well to try] 不妨一试
                        * bene exeat 品行优良证书
                        ['let him (or her) go forth well'; certificate
                        of good character]
                        * beneficium cedendarum actionum 代位债权
                        * beneficium divisionis 分担的利益
                        * beneficium emigrandi 移民利益
                        * beneficium ordinis 后诉的利益
                        * bene qui latuit bene vixit 隐居者生活安适
                        [well has he lived who has lived retired life]
                        * bene vale [farewell] 再会;再见;别了
                        * bene vale vobis [good luck to you] 祝你好运
                        * benevole vobis 愿你幸运!
                        * benigno numine 靠上帝帮助;赖天之助
                        [with favouring providence; by the favour
                        of heaven]
                        * bibere venemum in auro 用金杯喝毒药;表面受宠,实际受害
                        [to drink poison from a golden cup] 〔比喻〕
                        * bis [twice] 再;二度;之一
                        * bis dat qui cito dat 即施倍与;给得快等于加倍地给;帮
                        [he gives twice who gives quickly] 人要帮得快;要雪中送炭
                        * bis in die 一日两次
                        * bis peccare in bello non licet 战争中不容许有两次错误;军事不容
                        [there must be no second blunder in war] 一误再误
                        * bis pueri senes [old men are twice children] 返老还童;老年人是第二期的孩子
                        * bis repetita placent 重复使人合意〔讽刺拙劣的作品只有
                        抄袭剽窃的那一部分使人合意〕
                        * bis vincit qui se vincit in victoria 胜而不骄,等于征服两次;胜而不骄
                        [he conquers twice who conquers himself 等于胜了两次
                        in victory]
                        * bis vivit qui bene 生活得好,等于活两辈子
                        [he lives twice who lives well]
                        * blandae mendacia linguae 阿谀谄媚;奉承的话
                        [the lies of a flattering tongue]
                        


                        13楼2012-11-08 19:25
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                          * bonae notae [meritorious] 优秀;优良
                          * bona fide [in good faith; genuine] 善意的;诚实的;诚意的;直率的
                          * bona fides [good faith] 诚意;守信;善意;诚实
                          * bona fides exigit ut quod convenit fiat 守信即须履行契约
                          [good faith requires that what has been
                          agreed upon shall be done]
                          * bona fides non partitur, ut bis idem exigatur 守信即是不许要求支付两次代价
                          [good faith does not allow one to exact his
                          pay twice]
                          * bona fiscalia [fiscal (or public) property] 公共财产
                          * bona gestura [good behavior] 良好的行为
                          * bona gratia [in all kindness] 十分亲切;非常客气
                          * bona immobilia [immovable property] 不动产
                          * bona mobilia [movable goods] 动产;消费品
                          * bona notabilia [noteworthy things] 贵重物品
                          * bona peritura [perishable goods] 易于腐烂的物品;容易损害的物品
                          * bona vacantia [unclaimed goods] 无主之物;无主财物,政府接管;没
                          有人来取的东西
                          * bona waviata 遗弃的赃物;弃赃
                          [stolen goods thrown away by a thief in his
                          flight for fear of being apprehended]
                          * boni et legales homines 善良守法的人;合格陪审员
                          [good and lawful men; qualified jurors]
                          * boni judicis est ampliare jurisdictionem 好法官必要时可扩大其管辖权
                          * boni judicis est causas litium dirimere 好的法官应该消除诉讼的原因
                          [a good judge should dissipate the causes
                          of litigation]
                          * boni judicis est lites dirimere, et interest 好的法官应该结束诉讼,为了国家的
                          reipublicae ut sint fines litium 利益,诉讼应该结束
                          [a good judge should end litigation, and
                          it is of interest to the state that litigation
                          should end]
                          * bonis nocit quisquis pepercerit malis 纵容坏人,即损害好人;纵恶欺善;
                          [whoever spares the bad injures the good] 姑息坏人,好人受害
                          * bonis non amovendis 禁止搬移财产(令)
                          [that the goods be not removed]
                          * bonis quod bene fit haud perit 帮助好人总是有益
                          [whatener is done for good men is never
                          done invain]
                          * bonum publicum 公益
                          * bonum venum laetificat cor hominum 佳酒悦人心
                          * bos in lingua 难言之隐
                          [an ox on the tongue; a weighty reason
                          for silence]
                          * breve judicialia [judicial wyits] 法院的令状;司法令
                          * breve originale [an original writ] 诉讼开始令
                          * brevi manu [with a short hand; immediately] 立刻;立即;简单地;不用什么手续

                          * brevis esse laboror, obscurus fio 语焉不详
                          [in trying to be concise, I become obscure]
                          * brutum fulmen 虚张声势;空洞的威吓
                          [a harmless thunderbolt; vain display of
                          force; empty threat] 


                          14楼2012-11-08 19:25
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                            * cacoethes carpendi [a passion for criticizing] 好批评人的习惯
                            * cacoethes loquendi [mania for talking] 爱说话的脾气;多言;多说
                            * cacoethes scribendi 写字狂;写字癖
                            * cadit quaestio 问题无继续讨论余地;理论不能成立;
                            [the argument collapses (for want of 辩论结束;辩论告终;问题无须
                            proof); the question admits of no further 再讨论
                            argument]
                            * caeca invidia est [envy is blind] 妒忌是盲目的(行为);猜忌是不分
                            青红皂白的举动
                            * caelitus mihi vires 天授神力
                            [my strength is from heaven]
                            * caelum non animum mutant qui trans mare 走遍海角天涯,本性不改
                            currunt
                            [those who cross the sea change only their
                            climate, not their mind]
                            * caeteris paribus (= ceteris paribus) 在其他条件相同的情况下;余者皆同;
                            [equal in all other respects; other things 在同等条件下;其余情况都相同
                            being equal]
                            * calceus major subverit 鞋大容易跌倒;计划太大,不易执行
                            [a shoe too large trips the wearer]
                            * callida junctura 妙语
                            [skillful joining; cunning workmanship]
                            * candide et caute 既诚实又谨慎
                            * candide et constanter 既诚实又坚定
                            * canis in praesepti [dog in the manger] 狗占马槽
                            * canis timidus vehementius latrat quam mordet 胆小的狗,叫的时候多,咬人的时候
                            [a cowardly dog barks more than it bites] 少
                            * cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator 没钱不怕拦路贼
                            [the penniless wayfarer will sing in the
                            presence of the highwayman; a penniless
                            man has nothing to loss]
                            * capias [thou mayest take; writ of arrest] 逮捕令;拘捕令;拘票


                            15楼2012-11-08 19:25
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                              * capias ad audiendum judicium 传唤被告出庭听候宣判令;被告出庭
                              [thou mayest bring (the defendant) to hear 聆听判决(的传票)
                              judgement; a writ issued to bring a
                              defendant to the court to receive sentence]
                              * capias ad respodendum 拘捕被控轻罪人以便提审令;逮捕被
                              [thou mayest bring (the defendant) to 告令
                              answer (the plaintiff); a writ issued for
                              the arrest of a person against whom an
                              indictment for misdemeanor has been
                              found, so that he may be arraigned]
                              * capias ad satisfaciendum (ca sa) 对未依判决清付赔偿的民事被告所颁
                              [thou mayest seize to satisfy damages; 发的拘捕令;逮捕债务人令
                              a writ whereby a defendant in a civil
                              action is arrested and held in prison until
                              payment is made]
                              * capias extendi facias 拘捕政府债务人并扣押其财产令
                              * capias pro fine 追缴罚金令
                              * capiat qui capere possit [let him take who can] 有本领的尽管拿去
                              * capitalis justiciarius [chief justice] 首席法官;法院院长
                              * capitis deminutio 人格减等;权利能力的丧失;公权的
                              [a diminishing of personality; a loss of a 丧失
                              man's legal qualification]
                              * capitula 条款
                              * captantes capti sumus 作茧自缚;作法自毙
                              [we catchers have been caught; the biter is
                              bitten]
                              * captatio benevolentiae 拍马屁;争宠取悦;奉承;阿谀;乞
                              [a reaching after good-will; a currying of 怜
                              favor]
                              * caput [the head; personality] 头;人格
                              * caput mortuum 残渣;废物
                              * caret initio et fine [it lacks beginning and end] 没头没尾;无始无终
                              * carmen triumphale 凯歌
                              * carpe diem 及时行乐;不失时机
                              * carpe diem, quam minimum credula postero 今朝有酒今朝醉,明日有事明日当;
                              [make the most of today and place no trust 把握今天,莫待明天
                              in tomorrow]
                              * carpent tua poma nepotes 前人种树,后人吃果;前人种因,后
                              [your descendants will pluck your fruit] 人食果
                              * carpere et colligere 采集;搜罗
                              * carte blanche 全权;自由处理权
                              * cassetur billa [let the bill be quashed] 撤消诉状;撤消起诉书
                              * cassis tutissima virtus 道德是最坚固的盔甲;有德无惧
                              [virtue is the safest helmet; an honest man
                              need fear nothing]
                              * castella in Hispania 空中楼阁
                              [castles in Spain; castles in the air]
                              * castigat ridendo mores (喜剧)以笑谑的方式来移风易俗;
                              [it corrects manners by laughing at them] 警世喜剧


                              16楼2012-11-14 18:51
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