(四)易混淆动词的时态概念和形式
英语动词的时态有16种,常用的也有9种。虽说他们的形式是固定的,但用法是灵活的。因此中国学生常常把某种时态的用法套在另一种时态的用法上。该用过去时态的地方却用过去完成时态代替,该用过去完成时态的地方却过去时态用代替。
(误)I had met him in the street this morning.
(正)I met him in the street this morning.
(误)I thought you finished your homework.
(正)I had thought you finished your homework.
(误)When I got to the cinema ,the film already began.
(正)When I got to the cinema ,the film had already begun..
(五)对英语被动语态的形式和用法不能运用自如
汉语中比英语被动语态的使用频率相对来说要少得多。中国学生不习惯用英语被动句。汉语的被动句往往就用一个字就可以决定其被动意思,而英语的被动形式不仅与动词本身的形式有关,而且还与时态、语气以及主语与动词的关系有关。
(误)Australia speaks English.
(正)English is spoken in Australia.
(误)What is to do next?
(正)What is to be done next?
(误)I remember taking to Beijing when I was a child.
(正)I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child.
(六)虚拟语气形式复杂性和用法灵活性令学生感到困惑
(误)I wish I know the answer now.
(正)I wish I knew the answer now.
(误)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would meet the scientist.
(正)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met the scientist.
(误)I suggest he goes to see the doctor at once.
(正)I suggest he (should) go to see the doctor at once.
(七)不用或错用英语连接词
汉语是综合性语言,强调的是“意合”,句语句之间可以不用连词,把种种关系隐含在上下文中:英语是分析性语言,强调的是“行合”,句语句之间或者是主句和从句之间需要一种方式来表达它们之间的句法关系。
(误)Although he is old, but he works hard.
(正)Although he is old, he works hard.
(误)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.
(正)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.
(正)Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
(正)He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.
(八)忽视一致性问题
汉语的人称代词和主谓一致问题十分简单,但英语中的人称和主谓一致的问题却比较复杂,令中国学生困惑不已。
(误)Three years in a foreign country seem like a long time.
(正)Three years in a foreign country seems like a long time.
注:主语形式上虽为复数,但意义上视为单数,谓语动词应该为单数形式。
(误)The mother together with her daughter are on the way to school.
(正)The mother together with her daughter is on the way to school.
注:主语是“The mother”而不是“The mother together with her daughter”。因此谓语动词应该为单数形式。
(误)The crowd was fighting for their lives.
(正)The crowd were fighting for their lives.
注:主语形式上虽为单数,但意义上视为复数,谓语动词应该为复数形式。
(九)英语从句形式多且表现形式复杂
英语的从句主要有:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句等,每种从句都要求用相应的语法形式。因此牵涉到连词、关系代词、关系副词的选择时,中国学生就很容易混淆;在英语表达时,也往往忽视英语中的连词。
1、 主语从句
(误)If he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
(正)Whether he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
2、表语从句
(误)This is that he want.
(正)This is what he want.
3、定语从句
(误)Everything which he said greatly interested us.
(正)Everything that he said greatly interested us.
4、同位语从句
(误)That fact which the earth travels around the sun is known to all.
(正)That fact that the earth travels around the sun is known to all.
5、状语从句
(误)However you say , I will not change my mind.
(正)Whatever you say , I will not change my mind.
文章由微信公众号“报考神器”提供