Japan, and Brazil. His notable works include Client-Centered Therapy (1951) and On Becoming a Person (1961).
TIMELINE
Yea Event r 1900 Freud published what many believe was his greatest work, The Interpretation of Dreams. 1913 Carl Jung broke ranks with Freud and soon became a major figure in the development of an alternative psychoanalytic theory, analytic psychology. 191419<1>18 World War I was fought. 1920 Alfred Adler published the Practice and Theory of Individual Psychology, outlining his views on the social ramifications of psychoanalysis. 1921 Hermann Rorschach developed his famous projective test, composed of a series of symmetrical inkblots. 1929 The Great Depression began in America. 1937 Gordon Allport published Personality: A Psychological Interpretation, outlining his trait theory of personality. 1937 Karen Horney published The Neurotic Personality of Our Time, describing her theory of personality. 1938 Henry Murray published Explorations in Personality and developed a projective test called the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), a series of black-and-white drawings of a person or persons in ambiguous situations. 19391945 World War II was fought. 1940s Carl Rogers developed his ideas on the humanistic view of personality development. 1943 Starke Hathaway and J. C. McKinley published the first edition of the MMPI, which soon became the most widely used personality test ever. 1950 Raymond Cattell developed the 16 PF, which later became a widely used personality inventory.
1951 Carl Rogers published Client-Centered Therapy, explaining how his ideas could be applied to therapy. 1954 Abraham Maslow published Motivation and Personality, explaining the relationship of his hierarchy of needs to both motivation and personality development. 1957 Sputnik, the first satellite, was launched. 1963 Albert Bandura, with R. H. Walters, published Social Learning Personality and Development, explaining the influences of social learning on personality growth. 1973 Walter Mischel challenged the basic idea that personality traits have cross-situational consistency, and proposed a cognitive-social learning theory of personality. 1980 Ronald Reagan was elected President. 1986 Albert Bandura published Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, presenting his influential self-efficacy theory. 1989 The University of Minnesota published the second edition of the MMPI, which was standardized on a larger, more heterogeneous group of people than the first edition.
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READINGѕ
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. The leading proponent for understanding personality from a social-cognitive orientation presents his influential self-efficacy theory.
Cantor, N. & Harlow, R. E. (1994). Personality, Strategic Behavior, and Daily-Life Problem Solving. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3 (6), 169–172. A look at the problem-solving efforts used by individuals as they work toward solving the “life tasks” in their daily lives.
Carlson, J. F. (1989). Psychosexual Pursuit. Enhancing Learning of Theoretical Psychoanalytic Constructs. Teaching of Psychology, 16, 82–84. Carlson developed a game that can accommodate as many as 50 players. This article reproduces a game board on which players must move through the stages of psychosexual development and eventually become adults. Play money represents psychic energy; the goal is to retain as much psychic energy as possible for adult life tasks. Defense mechanisms and fixation are incorporated into the game rules.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1992). Perspectives on Personality, 2nd Ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Presents very readable and current coverage of personality psychology by two of the better-known researchers in the area; includes much of their own research.
Costa, P., & McCrae, R. (1998). Trait Theories of Personality. New York: Plenum Press. The fathers of the Big Five personality theory make an argument for their system of personality.
Evans, R. (1981). Dialogue with C. G. Jung. New York: Praeger Special Studies/Praeger Scientific. Dr. Richard Evans conducts a one-on-one interview with Carl Jung, exploring Jung’s relationship with Freud, and his reactions to various psychological issues and concepts.
Ewen, R. (1998). An Introduction to Theories of Personality (5th Ed.). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. An excellent introduction to the field of personality. Presents the theories of eleven major figures in personality psychology.
Eysenck, H. (1998). Dimensions of Personality. New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers. The
accumulation of Eysenck’s 50 years of research on personality. Intended for students of psychology, psychiatry and sociology.
TIMELINE
Yea Event r 1900 Freud published what many believe was his greatest work, The Interpretation of Dreams. 1913 Carl Jung broke ranks with Freud and soon became a major figure in the development of an alternative psychoanalytic theory, analytic psychology. 191419<1>18 World War I was fought. 1920 Alfred Adler published the Practice and Theory of Individual Psychology, outlining his views on the social ramifications of psychoanalysis. 1921 Hermann Rorschach developed his famous projective test, composed of a series of symmetrical inkblots. 1929 The Great Depression began in America. 1937 Gordon Allport published Personality: A Psychological Interpretation, outlining his trait theory of personality. 1937 Karen Horney published The Neurotic Personality of Our Time, describing her theory of personality. 1938 Henry Murray published Explorations in Personality and developed a projective test called the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), a series of black-and-white drawings of a person or persons in ambiguous situations. 19391945 World War II was fought. 1940s Carl Rogers developed his ideas on the humanistic view of personality development. 1943 Starke Hathaway and J. C. McKinley published the first edition of the MMPI, which soon became the most widely used personality test ever. 1950 Raymond Cattell developed the 16 PF, which later became a widely used personality inventory.
1951 Carl Rogers published Client-Centered Therapy, explaining how his ideas could be applied to therapy. 1954 Abraham Maslow published Motivation and Personality, explaining the relationship of his hierarchy of needs to both motivation and personality development. 1957 Sputnik, the first satellite, was launched. 1963 Albert Bandura, with R. H. Walters, published Social Learning Personality and Development, explaining the influences of social learning on personality growth. 1973 Walter Mischel challenged the basic idea that personality traits have cross-situational consistency, and proposed a cognitive-social learning theory of personality. 1980 Ronald Reagan was elected President. 1986 Albert Bandura published Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, presenting his influential self-efficacy theory. 1989 The University of Minnesota published the second edition of the MMPI, which was standardized on a larger, more heterogeneous group of people than the first edition.
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READINGѕ
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. The leading proponent for understanding personality from a social-cognitive orientation presents his influential self-efficacy theory.
Cantor, N. & Harlow, R. E. (1994). Personality, Strategic Behavior, and Daily-Life Problem Solving. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3 (6), 169–172. A look at the problem-solving efforts used by individuals as they work toward solving the “life tasks” in their daily lives.
Carlson, J. F. (1989). Psychosexual Pursuit. Enhancing Learning of Theoretical Psychoanalytic Constructs. Teaching of Psychology, 16, 82–84. Carlson developed a game that can accommodate as many as 50 players. This article reproduces a game board on which players must move through the stages of psychosexual development and eventually become adults. Play money represents psychic energy; the goal is to retain as much psychic energy as possible for adult life tasks. Defense mechanisms and fixation are incorporated into the game rules.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1992). Perspectives on Personality, 2nd Ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Presents very readable and current coverage of personality psychology by two of the better-known researchers in the area; includes much of their own research.
Costa, P., & McCrae, R. (1998). Trait Theories of Personality. New York: Plenum Press. The fathers of the Big Five personality theory make an argument for their system of personality.
Evans, R. (1981). Dialogue with C. G. Jung. New York: Praeger Special Studies/Praeger Scientific. Dr. Richard Evans conducts a one-on-one interview with Carl Jung, exploring Jung’s relationship with Freud, and his reactions to various psychological issues and concepts.
Ewen, R. (1998). An Introduction to Theories of Personality (5th Ed.). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. An excellent introduction to the field of personality. Presents the theories of eleven major figures in personality psychology.
Eysenck, H. (1998). Dimensions of Personality. New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers. The
accumulation of Eysenck’s 50 years of research on personality. Intended for students of psychology, psychiatry and sociology.