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1楼 不好意思,后天我要去一趟新加坡,大概需要3-4天的时间;之后可能还要去一趟法国,大概需要20天左右,今天刚拿到签证;所以在我不在英语吧的这段时间里,希望大家能够互相帮助,互尊互敬,共同讨论问题,形成一个良好的交流氛围。如果有人在英语吧故意生事或恶意捣乱,大家可以点击上方的“举报”栏,把恶意发言者的帖子链接或ID告诉贴吧管理员,管理员会尽快处理的。作为吧主,我期望英语吧的环境是自由和轻松的,每个人都可以在这里找到你喜欢的朋友,不论是来自哪个国家,不论是用中文还是英文交流。也祝愿想学好的英语的朋友们能够使自己的英语水平尽快提高;同时也希望那些喜欢捣乱的朋友能够克制自己的行为,毕竟网络上还是存在真诚和友谊的。 在此先祝大家——圣诞快乐! ——墨雨烟云 |
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4楼 SectionⅠ Main points 1、manner. ①方式,方法(=way);态度,风度 Please do it in this manner. I really don’t like that manner of his. [提示] manner表示“方式,态度,风度”时,一般使用单数形式。 ②manners表示“礼貌,规矩”。 It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friend when they are talking. [注意] manners为复数型名词,它作主语时谓语动词只能复数形式。 [拓展]well-mannered(adj.)很有礼貌的 2、gratitude n.[U]感激之情 His heart was filled with gratitude. [拓展] gratitude的形容词形式为grateful“感激的”“感谢的”,常用于:be grateful to sb. (for sth.)“(因为某事)感激某人”。 3、apologise(同apologize)vi. 道歉 [用法] apologize to sb. apologize for sth. apologize to sb. for sth. [拓展] apologise的名词形式为apology,常用于短语:make an apology (to sb. for sth.)“(为某事向某人)道歉”。 4、fault n.[C] ①(在性格上或办事方式上的)缺点,毛病 Everyone has his faults. Her one fault appeared to be that she was too quiet. ②过错,责任,应该怪…… Whose fault is it but hers? [比较] mistake常指“不正确的事或行为”,译为“错误”,多与动词make搭配使用。fault不与make搭配使用,而常与have(或commit)搭配。 [短语]at fault有错 find fault (with ...)找(……的)毛病 to a fault (...)过了头;过于…… make a mistake出错 make mistakes出错 5、introduce vt. ①介绍 Allow me to introduce my friend Jack to you. ②使认识,使了解 My father introduced me to the game of football. ③传入,引入 Coffee was introduced into England from the Continent. ④提出 He introduced a question for discussion. 6、You are looking for two seats to sit down with your friend, but there are none. ▲none为不定代词,表示“一个也没有”,既可以指可数的人或物,又可以指不可数的东西。作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数,又可以用复数形式。 [比较] ①no与none no可放在名词前作定语,而none则不可。none或者单独出现,或者用于none of+代词或带有限定词的名词。 ②neither与none neither表示“两个当中的任何一个都不”;none则用于谈论三个或三个以上的人或事物。 ③no one与none a. no one只能指人,而none既可指人,又可指事物。 b. no one后不能跟of短语。 c. no one常用于回答who引起的问句;none常用于回答How many或How much引起的问句,表示量。 7、You take the wrong one. ▲one在此替代前面出现的可数名词glass(杯子),以避免重复。 [比较] one, it和that ①it指上文所提到的那个事物,而one替代前面出现的可数名词时,指同类事物中的一个,不是指同一件事或物。 ②it的复数形式为they / them; one的复数形式为ones。 ③替代词one=a /an+名词;the one=the+名词。one只能替代可数名词。the one /ones替代的词是带有定冠词的单数/复数名词。 ④替代词that=the+名词,它既可以替代可数名词,又可替代不可数名词,而one则不可以替代不可数名词。 ⑤that不能替代表示人的名词,而one却可以。 ⑥that只能带后置定语,而one则既可带后置定语,又可定前置定语。 ⑦that的复数形式为those。替代词those既可替代表示人的名词,又可替代表示物的名词。 8、forgive vt.(forgave, forgiven) ①宽恕,原谅 forgive sth. forgive sb. sth. forgive sb. for sth. ②免于偿付,不要偿还 Will you forgive me the debt? [短语] forgive and forget“既往不咎”“过去的事情就算了” 句式归纳 |
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5楼 excuse me是在美国英语中除了“Thanks”“Thank you”之外听到最多的用语。它可以用于许多场合。 ①问路,询问事情,请求许可时 Excuse me, does this bus go to the station? ②请求让路,从他人身旁走过去时 ③打断别人的谈话或正在谈话过程中要离开一会时 ④请求别人重复刚才说过的话时 ⑤客气地纠正别人的观点时 Excuse me, but I think you’ve misunderstood. ⑥撞到别人、踩到别人或因迟到而表示道歉时 ⑦打喷嚏,打嗝时 [比较] (I’m)sorry在英国英语中常用来替代Excuse me用于以上场合。sorry还可常用于对做过的事情或正在做或将要做的事表示遗憾或道歉: be sorry to do be sorry to have done / for doing Section Ⅱ Main point 1、impression n.[C] ①印象,感觉 make / leave a ... impression (on ...)(给……)留下……的印象 ②印记 2、Paying a visit to a friend’s house. ▲pay a visit to = pay a call to=visit访问,拜访 [拓展] pay attention to...注意…… pay one’s respect to向……表示敬意 pay one’s way合算,值得为……出钱 pay for...付……的钱;为……付代价 pay back 偿还;报复 pay off还清;把……的帐/钱付掉 3、Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to... ▲mean“意味着,意思是”,还可表示“意欲,打算”。请注意以下用法: mean to do sth.打算/想做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 meant / had meant to do sth.本来打算/想做某事(但没做成) be meant for打算给(某人);打算(作什么用) mean what one says 说真心话 What do you mean by ...?你……是什么意思? Do you mean to say...?你难道是说……? 4、The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit bigger than the ones beside them. ▲a little bit“有点儿”,同a bit / a little,既可修饰形容词或副词原级,又可修饰比较级,可以修饰形容词、副词比较级的还有:much, far, even, still, rather, a lot, a great deal, slightly, any, no, by far等。 [提醒] not a little ≠ not a bit not a little“非常,相当”;=much not a bit“一点也不”=not at all 5、In China, you sometimes get a hot, damp cloth to clean your face and hands, which, however, is not the custom in western countries. ▲cloth常作不可数名词,意为“布料,布”但当它表示特殊用途的布时,(如tablecloth, deskcloth),是可数名词,复数形式为cloths。 [拓展] clothes指较为具体的衣服,只有复数,不受数词修饰,但可受many, few等修饰。clothing为衣服的总称,不可数,表示一件衣服时,用an article / piece of clothing. 6、custom n. ①[C]风俗,习惯 [比较] custom是指国家、民族或群体的社会风俗和习惯,habit是指人和动物的个体习惯。 ②[U]光顾(……买东西) Our store world like to have your custom. [联想] customs 海关(常大写);关税 customer顾客 7、start with以……开始,开始时(有) That class started with a well-known pop song. [拓展]to start with ①=first of all, in the first place首先 ②=at the beginning开始时 8、After the starter you will get a plate of soup-only one plate of soup and never ask for a second serving. a second在此相当于another。当强调排好的“顺序”含义时,序数词前面应加the表示特指;当强调在原来的数量上再加上一个的概念时,序数词前应加不定冠词。 9、course n.[C] ①课程 ②进程,过程,道路 ③行动的途径,行事办法 ④航道,河道 ⑤一道菜 [短语] (as) a matter of course 理所当然的事,自然地 |
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6楼 in course of在……时,在……中 in (the) course of time / the years随着时间/岁月的推移,经过相当时间 in due course到一定时候 of course当然 10、At table, you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot, but do not laugh all the time. ▲at table = at meal “在吃饭” [联想]at the table在桌子那儿(也有些美国人把at the table和at table都用作“在吃饭”的意思。) upon the table尽人皆知的 at dinner (breakfast, lunch, supper)在吃饭(早饭,午饭,晚饭) lay the table摆放餐具 11、When drinking to someone’s health, you raise your glasses, but the glasses should not touch. ▲when drinking to... = when you are drinking to... ▲drink to“为……干杯,为……祝酒”,也可用drink a toast to ..., to为介词。在表示“为某人的健康干杯/祝酒”时,“drink to one’s health”中的to可省去。 12、raise vt. ①使上升,举起 Raise a flag (a hat, a glass...)升旗(举帽,举杯等) ②提高,提升 raise prices (one’s voice, the salary...)抬高物价(声音,薪水等) ③提出 The students raised many questions at the meeting. ④召募,筹集 raise an army募集一支军队 raise the money筹集资金 ⑤养大,饲养,种植 The farmer raises cows and corn. ⑥引起;发出(声音等) The man raised a cheer. 13、advice v.劝,建议 [用法] advise doing sth. advise sb. (not) to do sth. advise sth. advise sb. how to do sth. advise that +主语(+should)+v.原形 advise sb. against doing sth. = advise sb. not to do sth. advise on (doing) sth. [拓展] advise的名词形式为advice(忠告,建议)为不可数名词。常见用法有: give sb. some advice on... ask sb. for advice on... take / follow one’s advice 14、Besides, table manners are only important at formal dinner parties. ▲ besides“而且,除此之外”在此为副词,在句首时通常可以用also, moreover或what’s more替换。(besides作介词的用法,请参见Unit 2 “except for”相关用法。) 15、behave vi. ①行为,表现 She behaves as if she were a child. ②表现得有礼貌,规规矩矩(可与反身代词连用) Behave (yourself)!规矩点! ③性能(如何),开动(情况),起作用 How is your new car behaving? [拓展] badly-behaved表现差的 well-behaved表现好的 [链接] behaviour (behavior)为behave的名词形式(不可数),意为“行为,表现;性能,习性” His behaviour was in every way perfect. The little boat’s behaviour was perfect on the trial trip. 16、ask for ①要求得到 He asked for time to think it over. ②要求见(某人),要(某人)接电话 Some person in asking for you at the gate. [拓展] ask for trouble自找麻烦ask sb. for sth.向……要……,请……给…… ask after sb.问候某人 ask about...询问……的事 ask sth. of sb.向……要……,问某人某事 ask sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事 ask to do sth.请求做某事 ask+that从句(从句谓语用should+动词原形,should常可省去) 17、Talk loudly while eating. ▲while eating = while you are eating ▲loudly, loud和aloud ①loud可作形容词,其他两词都仅能作副词。 ②loud有自己的比较级louder,其他两词则没有。 ③表示“高声地,大声地”之意时,三个副词常可通用。但aloud有时侧重于“让人听得见”这一含义,并不一定“声音很大”。 18、spirit n. ①精神,精神实质(多作不可数名词) She didn’t understand the spirit of the times. |
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7楼 in high / low spirits情绪高昂/低落 ③[U]灵魂,心灵;骨气,活力,勇气 He believes that the spirit lives on after death. Do show a little spirit. ④[C]人物;鬼魂,精怪 She’s such a kind spirit. ⑤[复数]含酒精多的酒 [U]纯酒精 19、mix ①vt. & vi.掺合,混杂 If you mix blue and yellow you make green. Oil and water will not mix.油和水不相溶。 ②vi.交往 Don’t mix with those guys. [短语] mix up把……搞乱,把……掺合在一起 be / get mixed up(指人)弄糊涂了;(指事物)杂乱无章,混乱不清 be /get mixed up in / with...卷入…… [拓展]mixed adj.混杂的,复杂的;男女混杂的 mixture n.混合物 20、For a toast everybody gets up, raises their glasses and touches the others’ glasses, saying ganbei! ▲the others = the other people [比较] another, (the) other与 (the) others ①another指不确定数目中的“另一个”,只能修饰单数名词,也可单独使用。 ②the other单独使用或与一单数名词连用时,特指两个之中的“另一个”,表示单数概念。 ③other修饰单数名词和复数名词皆可,修饰单数名词时,其前常有the, his等限定词。修饰复数名词时,其前若有the,则表示其余的全部。 ④不定代词others可单独作主语或宾语,不能用作定语修饰另一词,与the连用时表示其余的全部。 [提醒] others表示复数概念,若指不可数名词,表示“其余的”,则可用the rest。the rest既可指可数的人或物,又可指不可数的东西。 21、extra ①adj.额外的,特别的,另加的 I should get extra pay for extra work. There were so many people that the company put on extra. ②adv.额外地,另加地;特别地 They charge extra for wine. The coffee is extra strong this morning. ③n.[C]额外的费用;需另收费项目 Allowing for extras, the tour will cost ¥3,000. 22、leave out ①漏掉(没写),遗漏 You’ve left out the letter “t”.你把字母t漏掉了。 ②删掉,没有用 Nothing of value is left out. [提醒] leave...out可表示“可……放在外面”之意。 [拓展] leave alone不管,把……一人撇下 leave off停止,脱掉 Section Ⅲ Table Manners in china and in the West Differences Resemblance Devices for eating China West Kinds of food China West How food is served China West Hospitality China West Drinking habit China West 1、It is time... 该做……了;到做……的时候了 ①It is time for sb. to do sth.. ②It is time for sth.. ③It is time sb. ________ sth..(后跟从句时,从句中用一般过去时。暗含早就该做某事了。) [注意]time前可加high修饰,表示某事不能再等了。 2、How about...? ……如何/怎样?(同What about...?)用于请求、建议或询问。 How about a coffee? 喝杯咖啡怎么样? How about taking a rest?休息一下如何? How about your sister? Does she also want to go?你妹妹呢?她也想去吗? [提醒]about为介词,后须跟名词、代词或动名词。 3、should like想要,同would like / love。(should多用于主语为第一人称时,would适合于各种人称。) would like sth. would like to do sth. would like sb. to do sth. [比较] would like 与like ①would like表示一次性的行为,意为“想,要”;like常用于表示经常性或习惯性的行为,意为“喜欢”。 ②would like后跟不定式作宾语,但不能跟动名词(v-ing)。 like后既可跟不定式,又可跟动名词作宾语。 ③Do you like...?用于询问对方喜欢什么; Would you like...?表示礼貌的请求,提议或邀请。 |
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8楼 [注意] Would like / love to have done sth..表示“本来想干某事(而事实上没干成)。” 4、wish 表祝愿的用法 ①wish为可数名词,但用于表“祝愿”时,只能以复数形式出现: Best wishes!祝你万事如意/一切顺利! best wishes to sb. best wishes for sth. ②wish作动词表祝愿时,常用于如下形式: wish sb. success / good luck / victory / all the best / a Happy New Year...wish sb. well / happy / safe... [拓展]wish (v.)意为“愿意、希望,但愿”,常有以下用法: wish to do sth. wish sb. to do sth. wish+从句:a. 表将来时,从句谓语用would或could + v.原形。b. 表现在(与事实相反的情况),从句谓语用过去式(be多用were)。c. 表过去(与过去事实相反的愿望),从句谓语用过去完成时或could have done。 [比较] hope“希望”,不用于表示祝愿;其后不可跟双宾语或复合宾语。它可以用于hope to do sth.以及hope+从句(从句谓语用一般形式)。 疑难解读 They make me think of the happy days we spent together. ▲该句为复合句,句中使用了定语从句“we spent together”。其中,引导定语从句的关系代词that由于在从句中作spend的宾语被省掉了;此处也可使用which。当先行词为时间名词或地点名词时,应如何判断引导定语从句的引导词是用that / which, 还是when, where呢?请看下列例句: ①I still remember the days ( that / which) we spent together in the country. (spend为及物动词,其宾语为that / which,同时that和which又代表先行词days。) ②Do you still remember the days when we worked together in the countryside? 句中不缺少主语和宾语,故此时应使用关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。) ③This is the factory (that / which) we visited last year. (从句需要关系代词that / which作及物动词visit的宾语) ④This is the factory where I worked before.这是我以前工作过的那家工厂。 (由于从句中不缺少主语或宾语,故不需要关系代词,而应使用关系副词where作地点状语) [注意] why也可引导定语从句,修饰reason,并且在定语从句中作原因状语。 5、stare at凝视,盯着瞧 [拓展] stare sb. into...瞪着某人使其…… stare sb. in the face直视某人;就在眼前 [提醒] stare一词除在以上短语中可直接跟宾语外,常作不及物动词。如: She was staring into the distance.她凝视着远方。 6、make jokes about取笑,拿……开玩笑 [比较]play jokes on戏弄……,开……的玩笑 [相关短语] as / for a joke只是开玩笑 in joke闹着玩地(不是当真地) joke about拿……开玩笑,取笑(joke为动词) [注意]joke (n.) 为可数名词 句式归纳 |
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11楼 很羡慕你啊~~~有这么好的机会啊~~ 对了~~你要是回来~~一定要看我的帖子啊~~~ 我等着听你的教导呢~~~我问题很多啊~~~所以麻烦你拉~~~ |
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13楼 我没时间回北京,行程太紧了,来不及回北京,我直接返航香港过圣诞~ BJcutie已经重回吧主的位置,我不在贴吧的这一个月中英语吧全权由她负责,希望大家能够支持她的工作:) 谢谢各位! |
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14楼 我圣诞节的这段时间也会常来的~~ PS: 回中国就不行了:( |
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