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1楼 1．Simile .明喻 A simile makes a comparison between two unlike things having at least one quality or characteristic in common. The two things compared must be dissimilar and the basis of resemblance is usually an abstract quality. The vehicle is almost always introduced by the word "like" or "as" tenor (subject): the concept, object, or person meant in a metaphor vehicle (reference): a medium through which something is expressed, achieved, or displayed tenor: the subject of the comparison Vehicle: the image of which this idea is conveyed The vehicle is almost always introduced by the word "like" or "as". （The comparison is purely imaginative, that is, the resemblance between the two unlike things in that one particular aspect exists only in our minds, and not in the nature of the things themselves. As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. ） ①Self-criticism is as necessary to us as air or water. ②The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephant's skin. ③My very thoughts were like the ghostly rustle of dead leaves. ④The bus went as slowly as a snail. ⑤Her eyes were jet black, and her hair was like a waterfall. ⑥my love is a red, red rose. ⑦The bus (tenor) went as slowly similarity as a snail (vehicle). ⑧The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephant's skin. ⑨Her eyes were jet black, and her hair was like a waterfall. ⑩a vast somber cavern of a room 2.metaphor,隐喻，暗喻 a comparison between two unlike things, but the comparison is implied rather than stated. Contrary to a simile in which the resemblance between two unlike things is clearly stated, in a metaphor nothing is mentioned. It is often loosely defined as "an implied comparison", " a simile without 'like' or 'as’”. Metaphor is considered the most important and basic poetic figure and also the commonest the most beautiful. The essential form of a metaphor is X is Y, and all forms of metaphor can be condensed into this form. I had a lump in my throat At last this intermezzo came to an end... I was again crushed by the thought... ...when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me... ①Snow clothes the ground. Snow (X---tenor) is clothe (Y---vehicle). ②Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and playing, were moving jewels. Boy (X---tenor) is jewel (Y---vehicle) . ③The ship ploughed the sea. Ship (X --- tenor) is plough (Y ---vehicle) ④They will be rounded up in hordes. ⑤I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold... ⑥Means of existence is wrung from the soil... ⑦ cataract of horrors ⑧rid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from his yoke ⑨The scene will be clear for the final act. ⑩The town was stormed after a long siege. ⑾Lesson1---dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, form a closely knit guild... 3.Metonymy（转喻,借代）相近特征的。部分代整体，具体代抽象 ①he has a brilliant ear and an iron fist. ②I have come to pick your brains.(knowledge) ③Slitting the other’s throat ④Showed its teeth. It is time the peace-keeping force showed its teeth. (强硬表态) |
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2楼 ⑥New York is the social Olympic. ⑦It will cost you a pretty penny.（钱） She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ...little old Japan adrift（漂泊，随波逐流） amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...Struggle between kimono and the miniskirt I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact Metonymy can be derived from various sources: a. Names of persons- Uncle Sam: the USA b. Animals- the bear: the Soviet Union the dragon : the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon) c. Parts of the body -- heart: feelings and emotions head, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reason d. Profession: the press: newspapers, reporters etc. He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel. the bar: the legal profession e. location of government, business etc. Downing Street（唐宁街）: the British Government（英国政府） the White House: the US president and his government the Capital Hill: US Congress Wall Street: US financial circles Hollywood: American filmmaking industry 4.Parallelism平行，排比 Parallel sentence EG.losson5:The past, with its crimes…its follies…and its tragedies... I see,...I see... the return of the bread-winner…of their champion…of their protector We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air Any man or state... Any man or state... Let us... Let us... 5.alliteration 压首韵 （lesson2）slip to a stop tested and treated (e.g. Lesson 5) : dull, drilled, docile... for his hearth and home…with its clanking, heel-clicking... 6.Onomatopoeia 拟声creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc. tinkling, banging, clashing appreciative chuckle（吃吃的笑声） clucked（咯咯叫） his tongue alarm clock burrs（用喉音说话） Creak: (to make) the sound of a badly-oiled door when it opens When you move in a wooden bed, it creaks. The hinge of the door needs oiling; it creaks every time it is opened. Squeak: (to make) a short very high but not loud sound the squeak of a mouse rumble: (to make) a deep continuous rolling sound The thunder / the big guns rumbled in the distance. I am hungry, my stomach is rumbling. grunt: (of certain animals, to make) short deep rough sounds in the throat, as if the nose were closed, such as the deep short sound characteristic of a hog, or a man making a similar sound expressing disagreement, boredom, irritation sigh: (to let out) a deep breath slowly and with a sound, usu. expressing tiredness, sadness, or satisfaction We all heaved a sigh of relief when the work was done. groan: (to make) a sound caused by the movement of wood or metal parts heavily loaded, (to make) a deep sound forced out by pain, or expressing despair The patient groaned as he was lifted on to the stretcher. The ancient chair gave a groan when the fat woman sat down on it. The roof creaked and groaned under the weight of the snow. 7.Personification 拟人The Middle Easter bazaar takes you... dancing flashes The beam sinks…taut and protesting |
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3楼 every conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuries 9.Euphemism委婉: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasant eg: …and you took a lady friend. He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at the government's expenses. The boy is a bit slow for his age. to go to heaven---dead to go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer the nature's call, put an end to my life. Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares. 10.Irony讽刺: （lesson2）Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan （lesson2）the good fortune that my illness has brought me 11.Anti-Climax突降法: a town known throughout the world for its---oysters 12.Synecdoche 提喻 Synecdoche has often been confused with Metonymy, and sometimes even treated synonymously. This is not surprising, as both figures of speech involve substitution. The distinction lies in the fact that while metonymy involves the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another, synecdoche involves the substitution of the Part for the WHOLE or vice versa. a. Part for the Whole: ...eat your humble BREAD and CHEESE... All HANDS on deck. All of a sudden, I saw a SAIL in the distance. ...eye-ball to eye-ball consultations with...on the TUBE... The computer revolution is ...liberating LIMBS... b. Whole for the Part: China beat Japan at the game. He cut me open and took out the appendix and stitched me up again. c. The species for the genus or vice versa Alas, that Spring should vanish with the ROSE! (flowers in general) What a tricky CREATURE he is! (man) d. Name of material for the thing made She was dressed in silks and satins. ...eye-ball to eye-ball consultations with...on the TUBE... The computer revolution is ...liberating LIMBS... 13.Antonomasia 换称，换喻 the substitution of another designation for a common obvious, or normal one, a：the use of an official title or an epithet in place of a proper name a有两种，同样是用另外一个指称来代替一个普通明白的，或标准的说法，但第一是实指，因此给了Judge Doe，即用“大人”代替“张（或王、李等）法官”，有如用“先生”、“阁下”指代“张省长”，“邱首相”等， his honour for Judge Doe his / her majesty: king or queen your honour / highness / mightiness 而第二种是虚指，因此没有给姓氏，也没有大写，如用“首席行政长官”来代替“总统”，用“首长”，“中央领导”来代替“市长”，“省长”或“部长”“副总理”等。但这两种替代必须是官方正式头衔或称号 (an official title or an epithet)， chief executive for the president b: the use of a proper name to designate a member of a class b也有两个方面，第一点的重点在proper name(固有名称) 两个词的理解上，冯说antonomasia与metonymy的 区别在于: the proper name must denote some idea or characteristic of a well-known person, either history or fiction, 而王也说：The main difference between antonomasia and metonymy lies in that in the former the proper nouns have biblical（圣经的）, Mythological(神话的) l, historical or literary（文学上的） origins Solomon a wise ruler |
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5楼 as we shall faithfully and steadfastly Periodic sentencesn.圆周句(指主要意义至句尾始明白的句子): When I awoke on...invasion of Russia. If Hitler imagines that... woefully mistaken. 课后翻译---汉译英 第一课． 1)A zigzag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods. 2)At the bazaar there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. 3)I really don't know what it is that has made him so angry. 4)The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs. 5)Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see. 6)They decided to buy that house with. a garage attached. 7)The teachers make a point of being strict with the students. 8)This little girl is very much attached to her father. 9)To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learning from the advanced science and technology of other countries. 10)As dusk fell, daylight faded away. 11)The apprentice watched his master carefully and then followed suit. 12)Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner. 第二课1)There is not a soul in the hall．The meeting must have been put off． 2)The book looks very much like a box. (The book looks much the same as a box. ) 3)Sichuan dialect sounds much the same as Hubei dialect. It is sometimes difficult to tell one from the other. 4)The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle. 5)He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about. 6)What he did had nothing to do with her. 7)She couldn't fall asleep as her daughter's illness was very much on her mind. 8)I have had the matter on my mind for a long time. 9)He loves such gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchange opinions with them on various subjects. 10)It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in. 11)The soil smells of fresh grass. 12)Could you spare me a few minutes? 13)Could you spare me a ticket? 14)That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade. 第五课 1)This is true of the rural area as well as of the urban area. 2)He was counting on their support. 3)I don't remember his exact words, but I'm sure he did say something to that effect. 4)Churchill said, "Tell Stalin that Britain has but one desire --to crush Hitler. 5)Only 9% of the population in that country remains illiterate. 6)This leaves them no choice but to rely on his efforts. 7)The guests were overwhelmed by the warm reception. 8)They overwhelmed the enemy by a surprise attack. 9)Their difficulty is our difficulty just as we view their victory as our own victory. 10)It is clear that German fascists were trying to put the people in that region under their domination. ．第六课 1)There is no call for hurry．Take your time． 3)He tried every means to conceal the fact． |
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6楼 5)We will have our meeting at 10 tomorrow morning unless notified otherwise． 6)Neither of us is adept at figures． 7)Would it be possible to reach that place before dark assuming we set out at 5 o'clock(in the morning)? 8)He was reluctant to comply with her request. 9)I know you are from the South. Your accent has betrayed you. 10)We have no alternative in this matter. 第七课. 1)In addition to data processing, the modern computers have the capabilities of making decisions and choices. 2)This device is capable of sending messages to the other hemisphere within a couple of seconds. 3)The new products are being mass-produced. 4)The students are collecting information associated with micro technology. 5)In what ways do you think the mechanization in agriculture will affect the life of the peasants in our country? 6)Please give me a rundown of last week's news. 7) The adoption of computers made it possible for them to perform their task with high efficiency and speed. 8)In a few years, the TV set will be within the reach of the average family. 9)Calculating instruments were in existence long ago．And it was from those past calculators that modern computers evolved． 10)Despite their countless capabilities，the miracle chips must be programmed by human beings? 11)It is estimated that by the end of this year there will be 120 000 machine men(robots 1 working at various posts in service of the human race． 12)This instrument is portable，therefore convenient for the prospectors?13)I'm afraid your TV set needs repairing：It seems there 1s something wrong with the tube． 第九课 1)He was obssessed with fear of poverty. 2)Dongting Lake teems with fish and shrimps. 3)Tom was every bit as intelligent as the top boy in his class. 4)He is an acquaintance of mine, but not a friend. 5)Under pressure, he had no other choice but quit office. 6)In the end he succumbed to her persuasion and decided to change his original plan. 7)Many children succumbed to small pox then. 8)Much to his horror, he found the cabin flooded. 9)The kids did extremely well in their exam, to the great satisfaction of both parents and teachers. 10)That's Peter all over. 11)Not until midnight did the surgeon finish the operation. 12)The history course has acquainted me with ancient civilizations. 13)The old writer shaped the folktale into a film scenario. 14)The dauntless revolutionary spirit of the Chinese people finds full expression in the new play. |
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