一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关
英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们 的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。
1. 宾语不同,意义也不同
英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主 要有:
go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)
stop doing sth. (停止正在干的事) stop to do sth. (停下来去干某事)
regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)
forget/remember doing(忘记/记得已做过的事) forget/remember to do(忘记/记得要干的事)
mean doing(意味着干…) mean to do(想干…)try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做)
(95高考)"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. " "Well, now I regret_____ ___that. "
A. o do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
(92高考)"I usually go there by train. " "Why not ____________by boat for a change?"
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
(87高考)They would not allow him _________across the line. A. to risk going B. risking going C. for risk to go D. risk going
2. 都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同
某些动词如 forbid, advise, allow, permit, admit, consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时 ,宾补要用不定式。如: We forbid smoking here. (宾语)We forbid you to smoke here. (宾补)You are forbidden to smoke here. (主补)
3. 宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同
有些词如need, require, want, deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被 动意义),可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如:The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.
(85高考)This sentence needs______________. A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved
4. 只接不定式作宾语的词和词组
只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如:(89高考)She pretended _______me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
5. 只接动名词作宾语的词和词组
只接动名词作宾语的词和词组:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can't help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如:
(92高考)I would appreciate _________back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you are calling
(87高考)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ______. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
6. 系动词
系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:
表感观的系动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(这些词用形容词作表语)
表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold
可带名词作表语的系动词:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如:He turned teacher. )(91高考)These oranges taste____________. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
7. 含"被动"意味的动词
有些动词,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook,let(出租)等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连 用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:
My pen writes smoothly. 我的笔好写。Oil burns easily. 油易燃烧。
(88高考)That suit _________over 60 dollars.
A. had costed B. costed C. is cost D. cost
(97高考)"Is this raincoat yours?" "No,mine ___________there behind the door. "
A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung
8. 具有两种形式的易混动词
中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混。如:
hang,hanged,hanged(绞死)hang,hung,hung(挂起)
light,lit,lit(点燃,作谓语)light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓"燃烧着的",作定语)
drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓"醉的",drunk多作表语,drunken多作定语)
sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语)
bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(结果;生育)The woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.
lie(撒谎), lied, lied, lying lie(躺,卧,位于),lay, lain, lying
(89高考)Do you know the boy ___________under the big tree?
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying